Deffo Tiepma Ngongang Eurydice Flore¹*, Zih Felicitas Enam¹, Arrey Oben Ebob Ashu¹, Yolandia Jamea Nganje Epanty¹, Agnes Namondo Mbongo Lyonga¹, Tenyang Noel², Bernard Tiencheu¹ and Achidi Aduni, Ufuan¹

¹Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Cameroon
²Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon

*Corresponding Author: Deffo Tiepma Ngongang Eurydice Flore, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Cameroon

Received: August 25, 2025; Published: October 24, 2025

Abstract

Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) remains the leading cause of death worldwide accounting for about 18 million deaths yearly. The high prevalence of cardiac diseases (14%) has emerged as a major public health problem and imposes an escalating burden on the health care system in Cameroon. Fish oils are rich in Eicosatetraenoic acid/Docosahexaenoic acid EPA/DHA respectively and these molecules have been reported to have positive effect on the body. This work therefore aimed to study the protective effect of oils originated from raw and cooked mackerel fish (Scomber scombrus) on the development of Cardiac ischemia induced in albino rats as well as their anti-oxidant activities and histopathological effects on some organs. This was done by extracting fish oils from raw and cooked (boiled) Horse Mackerel fish (Scomber scombrus) using Bligh and dyer method, followed by oil quality analysis. The effect of oil was studied in vivo using 42 healthy albino rats divided into 7 groups of rats, randomly and evenly distributed with each having 6 rats. The normal group received distilled water orally, the positive control group received propranolol plus Isoproterenol (ISO), the negative control group received only ISO, test groups one and two received cooked fish oil plus ISO and test groups three and four received raw fish oil plus ISO. Body weight, water intake and food consumption were recorded daily. After 28 days, the rats were anaesthetized, blood collected and centrifuged for 10 minutes. Serum obtained was used for oxidative stress analysis. Rats were dissected and organs (heart, liver, lung and kidney) were isolated and used. Heart homogenates were prepared and the level of different oxidative stress markers (catalase, glutathione, and Malondialdehyde) were measured. Liver, lung and kidney were used for histopathological studies. The results obtained reveal that raw fish oil showed an increasing effect in HDL levels as compared to cooked fish oil which showed a milder effect and this resulted in increasing the level of glutathione (3700umol μl /g of tissues) and catalase (3.625UI/mg protein of tissues) while reducing the level of Malondialdehyde (0.00001μl/g of tissue). Findings revealed a decrease in the degree of necrosis and inflammation of the lungs, liver and kidney following pretreatment with raw and cooked fish oil. This results then suggest that pretreatment with both cooked raw fish oil, prevented cardiac Ischemia disease in rats by reducing oxidative damage and necrosis in organs.

Keywords: Cardiovascular; Disease; Fish; Oils; Histopathological; Ischemia; Oil quality; Oxidative stress; Scomber scombrus

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Citation

Citation: Deffo Tiepma Ngongang Eurydice Flore., et al. “Oxidative Stress and Histopathological Studies of the Effects of Mackerel Fish Oils Against Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Ischemia in Rats".Acta Scientific Nutritional Health 9.11 (2025): 11-32.

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Copyright: © 2025 Deffo Tiepma Ngongang Eurydice Flore., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.