Omotayo Alaba Eluwole^1,2*, Muzi Joseph Maseko², Adeleye Adeomi³, Kgothathso Nkoana², Oloruntoba Christopher Akintayo⁴ and Edgar Phukubje²

¹Department of Medical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Osun State Nigeria
²School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
³Department of Community Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
⁴Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria

*Corresponding Author: Omotayo Alaba Eluwole, Department of Medical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Osun State, Nigeria.

Received: June 28, 2024; Published: July 26, 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Over the years, metabolic syndrome was thought to be rare in Africa, but current trends are showing increase prevalence in both developed and developing countries. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is believed to be on the increase in African populations due to westernization which results in the increase in the prevalence of obesity. Obesity plays major role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome; it has interwoven mechanism with other components of metabolic syndrome. Based on the variation in the assessment of obesity combined with other relative factors, there may be discrepancy in assessment of metabolic syndrome in Africans. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and to evaluate its determinants using different diagnostic criteria.

Methods: One thousand, five hundred and sixteen (1518) participants were recruited, the cross-sectional study was conducted in 678 participants from African ancestry, with a minimum age of 18 years and no upper age limit. Obesity was assessed using body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist hip ratio (WHR), while conventional blood pressure was assessed using electronic blood pressure monitoring device (Omron, Kyoto, Japan), blood sample was taken for laboratory parameters such as lipid profile [Triglyceride (TG), High lipid lipoprotein (HDL)], fasting blood sugar. Seven diagnostic groups (Modified NCEP-ATPIII, NCEP-ATPIII, IDF, WHO, EGIR, AHA/NHLBI and AACE diagnostic criteria) were used for assessment of prevalence and determinants of metabolic syndrome among the study group. Descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted using SPSS version 22.0.

Results: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Modified NCEP-ATPIII, AACE, IDF, WHO, AHA/NHLBI, NCEP-ATPIII and EGIR diagnostic criteria were 24.2%, 22.4%, 21.4%, 20.4%, 18.7%, 16.6% and 14% respectively. Among the 668 selected participants, 36.8% were obese while 23.4% were overweight. All the indices for crude assessment of obesity increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Participants with increased waist circumference (WC) were 39.7%, those with BMI greater or equal to 30 kg/m2 were 36.8%, while those with abnormal WHR were 36.2%. In this study, 24.7% had blood pressure of 130/85 mmHg while 15.2% had blood pressure greater than 140/90 mmHg. Prevalence of MS was higher in females compared to males in all the diagnostic groups except EGIR. The prevalence increases with age among all the groups.

Conclusion: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome varies and depends on the criteria used in different diagnostic categories. WC (is an appropriate measure for crude assessment of central obesity among African with high prevalence of obesity. Hypertension and other relative factors also affected the prevalence of MS. This study concluded that modified NCEP III criterion is more suitable to determine the proportion of metabolic syndrome in Africans. This study also suggested that age and sex should be considered as criteria for diagnosing metabolic syndrome.

Keywords: Metabolic Syndrome; African Ancestry; Diagnostic Criteria

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Citation

Citation: Omotayo Alaba Eluwole., et al. “Variability in the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among People of African Ancestry; using Different Diagnostic Criteria".Acta Scientific Nutritional Health 8.8 (2024): 90-99.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2024 Omotayo Alaba Eluwole., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.