Lentil Proteins as an Alternative Source of Proteins
Ernane Nogueira Nunes1*, Rayanne Sales de Araújo Batista2, Kamila Sabino Batista1, Maristela de Fatima Simplicio de Santana1, Ana Paula Trindade Rocha3 and Gilmar Trindade de Araújo4
1Instituto Nacional do Semiárido - INSA, Paraíba, Brasil
2Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Brasil
3Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Brasil
4Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Brasil
*Corresponding Author: Ernane Nogueira Nunes, Instituto Nacional do Semiárido - INSA, Paraíba, Brasil.
Received:
July 14, 2023; Published: August 10, 2023
Abstract
For some time researchers have been trying to warn of the dangers that endocrine disruptors and their immense range of substances and products can cause in ecosystems and for humanity. With the water shortage that worsens, it will be increasingly necessary to reuse water, which if not properly treated, will be the main vector of contamination of the endocrine disrupters for humanity. Based on this, this work aimed to construct a literature review addressing the problem of water with a focus on endocrine disruptors, stressing the capacity and advantages that plant biomass has for the production of adsorbents and how they can help in the treatment of this problem. This review also serves to praise that many researchers are already developing adsorbents using agro-industrial waste and some of them prove to be promising. In writing the review it became clear the concern of some academics and agencies in how the problem evolves. In addition, it is a current subject of extreme importance for several areas of knowledge, such as engineering, health, and the environment, working to solve this serious problem for humanity
Keywords: Vegetable Biomass; Adsorption; Public Health; Endocrine System; Future of Humanity
References
- World Research Institute. Water (2018).
- Silva MR., et al. “Agrotóxicos e seus impactos sobre ecossistemas aquáticos continentais”. SasBios 8.2 (2013): 46-58.
- Marques RFPV. “Impactos ambientais da disposição de resíduos sólidos urbanos no solo e na água superficial em três municípios de Minas Gerais”. Lavras: Universidade Federal de Lavras (2014).
- Castro CMB. “Ocorrência de desreguladores endócrinos em cultura do milho irrigado com efluentes urbanos tratados (tese)”. Porto Alegre: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (2010).
- World Health Organization. “State of the Science of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals”. Geneva: World Health Organization (2012).
- Nascimento Filho WB and Franco CR. “Avaliação do potencial dos resíduos produzidos através do processamento agroindustrial no Brasil”. Revista Virtual de Química 7.6 (2015): 1968-1987.
- Bila DM and Dezotti M. “Desreguladores endócrinos no meio ambiente: efeitos e consequências”. Quím Nova 30.3 (2007): 651-666.
- Fernandez KD’AN. “Uso de carvão ativado de endocarpo de coco no tratamento de água”. Revolutions to Gradians 3.2 (2010): 1-17.
- Bohli T., et al. “Evaluation of an activated carbon from olive stones used as an adsorbent for heavy metal removal from aqueous phases”. Comptes Rendus Chimie 18.1 (2015): 88-99.
- Freitas LCS and Bueno SM. “Carvão ativo: breve histórico e estudo de sua eficiência na retenção de fármacos”. Revista Científica Unilago 1.1 (2014): 1-11.
- Guo Y and Rockstraw DA. “Physicochemical properties of carbons prepared from pecan shell by phosphoric acid activation”. Bioresource Technology 98.8 (2007): 1513-1521.
- Franco DSP., et al. “Análise do processo de secagem de sementes de mamão utilizado como biomassa adsorvente no tratamento de efluentes”. Rev de Ci Exatas 2731.2 (2012): 49-54.
- Ghaedi M., et al. “Application of central composite design for simultaneous removal of methylene blue and Pb 2+ ions by walnut wood activated carbon”. Spectrochimica Acta, Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 135 (2015): 479-490.
- Nurchi VM and Villaescusa I. “Agricultural biomasses as sorbents of some trace metals”. Coordination Chemistry Reviews 252 (2008): 1178-1188.
- Sud D., et al. “Agricultural waste material as potential adsorbents for sequestering heavy metal from aqueous solutions - A review”. Bioresource Technology 99 (2008): 6017-6027.
- Martins AC., et al. “Removal of tetracycline by NaOH-activated carbon produced from macadamia nut shells: Kinetic and equilibrium studies”. Chemical Engineering Journal 260 (2015): 291-299.
- “United States Environmental Protection Agency-USEPA”. Research Plan for Endocrine Disruptors. Washington (1998).
- Tulane University. E-hormone (2015).
- Reis Filho RW., et al. “Hormônios sexuais estrógenos: contaminantes bioativos”. Quím Nova 29.4 (2006): 817-822.
- Tapiero H., et al. “Estrogens and environmental estrogens”. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy 56 (2002): 36-44.
- Ferreira AP. “Ocorrência e detecção de desreguladores endócrinos em estações de tratamento de esgoto: complicações ao meio ambiente”. Revista Brasileira de Farmácia 93.2 (2012): 255-264.
- Ferreira AP., et al. “Disruptores endocrinos: potencial problema para la salud pública y medio ambiente”. Biomédica 17 (2006): 146-150.
- Kolpin DW., et al. “Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999-2000: A national reconnaissance”. Environmental Science and Technology 36.6 (2002): 1202-1211.
- Lee HB., et al. “Determination of endocrine-disrupting phenols, acidic pharmaceuticals, and personal-care products in sewage by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry”. Journal of Chromatography A 1094 (2005): 122-129.
- Baker ME and Hardiman G. “Transcriptional analysis of endocrine disruption using zebrafish and massively parallel sequencing”. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 52.3 (2014): 241-256.
- Lu J., et al. “Uptake and distribution of bisphenol A and nonylphenol in vegetable crops irrigated with reclaimed water”. Journal of Hazardous Materials 283 (2015): 865-870.
- “Society of environmental toxicology and chemistry – SETAC”. Endocrine Disruptors and Modulators (2000).
- Katsu Y., et al. “In vitro assessment of transcriptional activation of the estrogen and androgen receptors of mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis affinis”. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 276.1-2 (2000): 10-17.
- Katsu Y., et al. “Molecular cloning and characterization of ligand- and species specificity of amphibian estrogen receptors”. General and Comparative Endocrinology 168.2 (2010): 220-230.
- Huerta B., et al. “Determination of a broad spectrum of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors in biofilm from a wastewater treatment plant-impacted river”. Science of The Total Environment 540 (2016): 241-249.
- Fernández MF and Olea N. “Disruptores endocrinos: ¿suficiente evidencia para actuar?” Gaceta Sanitaria 28.2 (2014): 93-95.
- Castro‐Correia C and Fontoura M. “A influência da exposição ambiental a disruptores endócrinos no crescimento e desenvolvimento de crianças e adolescents”. Revista Portuguesa de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo 10.2 (2015): 186-192.
- Choi J., et al. “Association between some endocrine-disrupting chemical sand childhood obesity in biological samples of young girls: A cross-sectional study”. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 38.1 (2014): 51-57.
- Kirkle AG and Sargis RM. “Environmental endocrine disruption of energy metabolism and cardiovascular risk”. Current Diabetes Reports 14.6 (2014): 494.
- Bellanger M., et al. “Neurobehavioral Deficits, Diseases, and Associated Costs of Exposure to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in the European Union”. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 100.4 (2015): 1256-1266.
- Tapia-Orozco N., et al. “Removal strategies for endocrine disrupting chemicals using cellulose-based materials as adsorbents: A review”. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 4.3 (2016): 3122-3142.
- Munier M., et al. “In Vitro Effects of the Endocrine Disruptor p, p’DDT on Human Follitropin Receptor”. Environmental Health Perspectives 124.7 (2016): 991-999.
- Aquino S., et al. “Remoção de fármacos e desreguladores endócrinos em estações de tratamento de esgoto: revisão da literature”. Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental 18.3 (2013): 187-204.
- Sousa PAR. “Avaliação da adsorção de contaminantes emergentes pela casca de banana e folhas da Typha angustifolia L”. Catalão: Universidade Federal de Goiás (2015).
- Von Sperling E. “Afinal, quanta água temos no planeta”. RBRH 11.4 (2006): 189-199.
- Brasil, ABNT. NBR 9800. Critérios para lançamento de efluentes líquidos industriais no sistema coletor público de esgoto sanitário”. Rio de Janeiro (1987).
- von SPERLING M. “Introdução à qualidade das águas e ao tratamento de esgotos”. Belo Horizonte: UFMG (2005).
- Grady Jr, CPL and Lin HC. “Biological wastewater treatment, pollution engineering and technology. New York: Marcel Decker (1980).
- Giordano G. “Tratamento e controle de efluentes industriais. [apostila]. Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e do Meio Ambiente/UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (2004).
- ICLEI – Governos locais pela sustentabilidade. Efluentes.
- Dias R. “. Atlas. Marketing Ambiental: Ética, Responsabilidade Social e Competitividade nos Negócios (2007).
- Camili EA. “Produção de etanol de manipueira tratada com processo de flotação”. Rev RAT 3.1 (2007): 1-4.
- Farinas CS., et al. “Avaliação de diferentes resíduos agroindustriais como substratos para a produção de celulases por fermentação semi-sólida”. Embrapa Instrumentação Agropecuária. Boletim de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (2008).
- Castro AM and Pereira Jr N. “Produção, propriedades e aplicação de celulases na hidrólise de resíduos agroindustriais”. Quím Nova 33.1 (2010): 181-188.
- Menezes JDS., et al. “Produção biotecnológica de goma xantana em alguns resíduos agroindustriais, caracterização e aplicações”. Rev REGET 8.8 (2012): 1761-1776.
- Almeida JCS. “Resíduos agroindustriais de frutas na alimentação de ovinos de corte [dissertação]. Diamantina: Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (2013).
- Honorato AC., et al. “Biosorption of methylene blue using agro-industrial residues”. Rev Agriambi 19.7 (2015): 705-710.
- Evangelista J. “Tecnologia de Alimentos. Editora Ateneu, 2ª Edição (2001).
- Sousa DA., et al. “Development of a heavy metal sorption system through the P S functionalization of coconut (Cocos nucifera) fibers”. Bioresource Technology 101.1 (2010): 138-143.
- Sun L., et al. “Biochars prepared from anaerobic digestion residue, palm bark, and eucalyptus for adsorption of cationic methylene blue dye: Characterization, equilibrium, and kinetic studies”. Bioresource Technology 140 (2013): 406-413.
- Huang PH., et al. “Adsorption of carbon dioxide onto activated carbon prepared from coconut shells”. Journal of Chemistry (2015): 1-10.
- Sayğili HN., et al. “Conversion of grape industrial processing waste to activated carbon sorbent and its performance in cationic and anionic dyes adsorption”. Journal of Cleaner Production 93 (2015): 84-93.
- Motta CV., et al. “Encontro de Divulgação Científica e Tecnológica, 3. Resíduos agroindustriais como materiais adsorventes. Toledo: Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná UTFPR (2011).
- Demirbas A. “Heavy metal adsorption onto agro-based waste materials: A review”. Journal of Hazardous Materials 157 (2008): 220-229.
- Foust AS., et al. “Princípios das Operações Unitárias, 2a Edição, Rio de Janeiro, Editora AS (1982).
- Atkins P and Paula J. “Physical chemistry for the life sciences”. Oxford University Press (2011).
- Northrop PS., et al. “Measurement of gas adsorption isotherms by continuous adsorbate addition”. Langmuir 3.2 (1987): 300-302.
- Schimmel D. “Adsorção dos corantes reativos azul 5G e azul turquesa em carvão ativado commercial”. Toledo: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (2008).
- Nunes DL. “Preparação de carvão ativado a partir de torta prensada de Raphanus sativus L. e utilização para clarificação de soluções”. Belo Horizonte: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (2009).
- Mezzari IA. “Utilização de carvões adsorventes para o tratamento de efluentes contendo pesticidas”. Florianópolis: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (2002).
- Felder RM, Rousseau RW. “Elementry principles of chemical processes, 3a edition, John Wiley and Sons (2005).
- Di Bernardo L and Dantas ADB. “Métodos e técnicas de tratamento de água”. 2. edition. São Carlos: Editora Rima (2005).
- Fernandes FL. “Carvão de endocarpo de coco da baía ativado quimicamente com ZnCl2 e fisicamente com vapor d’água: produção, caracterização, modificações químicas e aplicação na adsorção de íon cloreto”. João Pessoa: Universidade Federal da Paraíba (2008).
- Schneider EL. “Adsorção de compostos fenólicos sobre carvão ativado”. Toledo: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (2008).
- Niedersberg C. “Ensaios de adsorção com carvão ativado produzido a partir da casca do tungue (Aleurites fordii), resíduo do processo de produção de óleo”. Santa Cruz do Sul: Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (2012).
- Clark HLM. “Remoção de fenilanina por adsorvente produzido a partir da torta prensada de grãos defeituosos de café”. Belo Horizonte:Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (2010).
- Mucciacito JC. “Conceitos e aplicações do carvão ativado” (2006).
- Islam MA., et al. “Mesoporous and adsorptive properties of palm date seed activated carbon prepared via sequential hydrothermal carbonization and sodium hydroxide activation”. Chemical Engineering Journal 270 (2015): 187-195.
- Njoku VO., et al. “Adsorption of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by mesoporous activated carbon prepared from H3PO4-activated langsat empty fruit bunch”. Journal of Environmental Management 154 (2015): 138-144.
- Grijalba AC., et al. “Activated carbon-modified knotted reactor coupled to electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry for sensitive determination of arsenic species in medicinal herbs and tea infusions”. Spectrochimica Acta B 103 (2015): 49-56.
- Kawamura S. “Integrated design and operation of water treatment facilities”. John Wiley and Sons, 2ª edition (2000).
- Khalili NR., et al. “Production of micro-and mesoporous activated carbon from paper mill sludge: I. Effect of zinc chloride activation”. Carbon 38.14 (2000): 1905-1915.
- Hu D and Wang L. “Adsorption of amoxicillin onto quaternized cellulose from flaxnoil: Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic study”. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 64 (2016): 227-234.
- Chaukura N., et al. “Biosorbents for the removal of synthetic organics and emerging pollutants: Opportunities and challenges for developing countries”. Environmental Development 19 (2016): 84-89.
- Rossner A., et al. “Removal of emerging contaminants of concern by alternative adsorbents”. Water Research 43.15 (2009): 3787-3796.
- Franca AS., et al. “Microwave assisted thermal treatment of defective coffee beans press cake for the production of adsorbents”. Bioresource Technology 101.3 (2010): 1068-1074.
- Mussatto SI., et al. “Production, characterization and application of activated carbon from brewer’s spent grain lignin”. Bioresource Technology 101.7 (2010): 2450-2457.
- Wen Q., et al. “Study on activated carbon derived from sewage sludge for adsorption of gaseous formaldehyde”. Bioresource Technology 102.2 (2011): 942-947.
- Foo KY and Hameed BH. “Potential of jackfruit peel as precursor for activated carbon prepared by microwave induced NaOH activation”. Bioresource Technology 112 (2012): 143-150.
- Souza JVTM., et al. “Adsorção de cromo (III) por resíduos de laranja in natura e quimicamente modificados”. Rev Semina 33.1 (2012): 3-16.
- Carrier M., et al. “Production of char from vacuum pyrolysis of South-African sugar cane bagasse and its characterization as activated carbon and biochar”. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 96 (2012): 24-32.
- Djilani C., et al. “Elimination of organic micropollutants by adsorption on activated carbon prepared from agricultural waste”. Chemical Engineering Journal 189-190 (2012): 203-212.
- Ioannou Z and Simitzis J. “Production of carbonaceous adsorbents from agricultural by-products and novolac resin under a continuous countercurrent flow type pyrolysis operation”. Bioresource Technology 129 (2013): 191-199.
- Román S., et al. “Production of low-cost adsorbents with tunable surface chemistry by conjunction of hydrothermal carbonization and activation processes”. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 165 (2013): 127-133.
- Silva JAP Tavares FFC. “Estudo da aplicação de sementes de açaí (Euterpe oleracea) para produção de carvão ativado”. RBCA 1.1 (2013): 55-66.
- Silva HB and Pires JL. “Utilização de adsorvente natural da Amazônia como bioadsorvente para remoção de metais em soluções aquosas”. Rev Ponto de Partida 3.1 (2014): 39-48.
- Barros TRB., et al. “Congresso Nacional de Engenharia de Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis, 1. Campina Grande. Estudo de adsorção do chumbo II de efluentes utilizando casca de abacaxi como biomassa adsorvente”. Campina Grande (2014).
- Baccar R., et al. “Removal of pharmaceutical compounds by activated carbon prepared from agricultural by-product”. Chemical Engineering Journal 211–212 (2012): 310-317.
- Sales PF., et al. “Produção, caracterização e aplicação do carvão ativado obtido a partir do sabugo de milho: a busca pelo reaproveitamento de um resíduo agroindustrial”. Revista Virtual de Química 7.4 (2015): 1174-1188.
- Arampatzidou AC and Deliyanni EA. “Comparison of activation media and pyrolysis temperature for activated carbons development by pyrolysis of potato peels for effective adsorption of endocrine disruptor bisphenol-A”. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 466 (2016): 101-112.
- Loffredo E., et al. “A two-step approach to eliminate pesticides and estrogens from a wastewater and reduce its phytotoxicity: adsorption onto plant-derived materials and fungal degradation”. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 227.6 (2016): 1-12.
- Jawad AH., et al. “Response surface methodology approach for optimization of color removal and COD reduction of methylene blue using microwave-induced NaOH activated carbon from biomass waste”. Water Treatment 62 (2017): 208-220.
- Rawal S., et al. “Synthesis and characterization of activated carbon from the biomass of Saccharum bengalense for electrochemical supercapacitors”. Journal of Energy Storage 20 (2018): 418-426.
- Liu Z., et al. “Removal of gaseous Hg0 using novel seaweed biomass-based activated carbon”. Chemical Engineering Journal 366 (2019): 41-49.
- Ogungbenro AE., et al. “Synthesis and characterization of activated carbon from biomass date seeds for carbon dioxide adsorption”. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 8.5 (2020): 104257.
- Baldania A., et al. “Synthesis of activated carbon from biomass”. In: AIP Conference Proceedings. AIP Publishing (2021).
- Xue H., et al. “Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution on activated carbons and composite prepared from an agricultural waste biomass: A comparative study by experimental and advanced modeling analysis”. Chemical Engineering Journal 430 (2022): 132801.
- Yurtay Aygül and Kiliç, M. “Biomass-based activated carbon by flash heating as a novel preparation route and its application in high efficiency adsorption of metronidazole”. Diamond and Related Materials 131 (2023): 109603.
- He J., et al. “Preparation of highly porous carbon from sustainable α-cellulose for superior performance removal of tetracycline and sulfamethazine from water”. RSC Advances 33 (2016): 1-30.
- Gao P., et al. “Preparation and characterization of activated carbon produced from rice straw by (NH4)2HPO4 activation”. Bioresource Technology 102.3 (2011): 3645-3648.
Citation
Copyright