Acta Scientific Nutritional Health (ASNH)(ISSN: 2582-1423)

Research Article Volume 7 Issue 6

Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in an Obese Patient with Other Comorbidities in PHCs; Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Hussam Alzahrani*, Ahmed Alsomali and Mostafa Kofi

Family Medicine Resident, PSMMC, Riyadh, SA

*Corresponding Author: Hussam Alzahrani, Family Medicine Resident, PSMMC, Riyadh, SA.

Received: May 02, 2023; Published: May 18, 2023

Abstract

Background : Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic sleep-related disorder that afflicts a majority of obese patients. The current study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of OSA in obese patients with other comorbidities and to identify factors that may be associated with its progression.

Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at the Alwazarat health care center (PSMMC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Participants were recruited from the center's chronic diseases clinic who were 18 years or older. All participants completed a questionnaire that included questions about their medical history, sleeping habits, and impact on routine functionality.

Results: A total of 337 participants were included in the study, with the majority of participants between the ages of 35 to 49 years (29.6%). The most common BMI range was 26-31, which was found in 111 individuals (32.9%) whereas 24.3% of participants had a 32-36 BMI range. The results showed that a total of 82 (24.3%) had at least one of the listed conditions including asthma, dyslipidemia, diabetes, heart disease, and thyroid disease. The most common comorbidity was diabetes which was diagnosed in 108 individuals (32.0%). The incidence of multiple conditions, with the most common combination being diabetes and asthma, was diagnosed in 18 individuals (5.3%). In response to snoring, 263 (78%) answered yes, 68 (20.2%) answered no, and 6 (1.8%) responded that they don't know. Concerning the extent of snoring, 70 (20.8%) reported their snoring as loud as talking, 14 (4.2%) responded that it was louder than talking, and 188 (55.8%) felt it was slightly louder than breathing. The majority of participants reported rarely or never experiencing instances of interrupted breathing during sleep. A high proportion of participants reported having high blood pressure (50.1%).

Conclusions: The results of this study suggest a significantly high prevalence of OSA in obese patients with multiple comorbidities.

Keywords:Obstructive Sleep Apnea; Obesity; Hypertension; Diabetes Mellitus; Cardiovascular Risk

References

  1. Veasey SC and IM Rosen. “Obstructive sleep apnea in adults”. New England Journal of Medicine15 (2019): 1442-1449.
  2. Rundo JV. “Obstructive sleep apnea basics”. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine9 (2019): 2-9.
  3. Modena DAO., et al. “Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome among obese individuals: A cross-sectional study”. Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 63 (2017): 862-868.
  4. Salman LA., et al. “Obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension, and cardiovascular risk: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management”. Current Cardiology Reports2 (2020): 1-9.
  5. Mazzotti DR., et al. “Symptom subtypes of obstructive sleep apnea predict incidence of cardiovascular outcomes”. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine4 (2019): 493-506.
  6. Scheffler P., et al. “Surgery for obstructive sleep apnea in obese children: literature review and meta-analysis”. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery6 (2019): 985-992.
  7. Gottlieb DJ and NM Punjabi. “Diagnosis and management of obstructive sleep apnea: a review”. Jama14 (2020): 1389-1400.
  8. Benjafield AV., et al. “Estimation of the global prevalence and burden of obstructive sleep apnoea: a literature-based analysis”. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine8 (2019): 687-698.
  9. Azagra-Calero E., et al. “Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Review of the literature”. Medicina Oral Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal6 (2012): e925-929.
  10. Bonsignore MR., et al. “Obstructive sleep apnea and comorbidities: a dangerous liaison”. Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine1 (2019): 8.
  11. Romero-Corral A., et al. “Interactions between obesity and obstructive sleep apnea: implications for treatment”. Chest3 (2010): 711-719.
  12. Huttunen R and J Syrjänen. “Obesity and the risk and outcome of infection”. International Journal of Obesity3 (2013): 333-340.
  13. Leppänen T., et al. “Increase in body mass index decreases duration of apneas and hypopneas in obstructive sleep apnea”. Respiratory Care1 (2019): 77-84.
  14. Alves EdS., et al. “Does physical exercise reduce excessive daytime sleepiness by improving inflammatory profiles in obstructive sleep apnea patients?” Sleep and Breathing2 (2013): 505-510.
  15. Kuvat N., et al. “The relationship between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and obesity: a new perspective on the pathogenesis in terms of organ crosstalk”. The Clinical Respiratory Journal7 (2020): 595-604.
  16. Imayama I and B Prasad. “Role of leptin in obstructive sleep apnea”. Annals of the American Thoracic Society11 (2017): 1607-1621.
  17. Berger S and VY Polotsky. “Leptin and leptin resistance in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea: a possible link to oxidative stress and cardiovascular complications”. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2018 (2018).
  18. Bassi M., et al. “Facilitation of breathing by leptin effects in the central nervous system”. The Journal of Physiology6 (2016): 1617-1625.
  19. Hargens TA., et al. “Insulin resistance and adipose-derived hormones in young men with untreated obstructive sleep apnea”. Sleep and Breathing1 (2013): 403-409.
  20. Peppard PE., et al. “Longitudinal study of moderate weight change and sleep-disordered breathing”. Jama23 (2000): 3015-3021.
  21. Kuna ST., et al. “Effects of weight loss on obstructive sleep apnea severity. Ten-year results of the sleep AHEAD study”. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine2 (2021): 221-229.
  22. Roche J., et al. “Are obstructive sleep apnea and sleep improved in response to multidisciplinary weight loss interventions in youth with obesity? A systematic review and meta-analysis”. International Journal of Obesity4 (2020): 753-770.
  23. Marin-Oto M., et al. “Long term management of obstructive sleep apnea and its comorbidities”. Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine1 (2019): 1-9.
  24. Jehan S., et al. “Obesity, obstructive sleep apnea and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Epidemiology and pathophysiologic insights”. Sleep Medicine and Disorders: International Journal3 (2018): 52.
  25. Pinto JA., et al. “Comorbidities associated with obstructive sleep apnea: a retrospective study”. International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology 20 (2016): 145-150.
  26. Wali SO., et al. “Prevalence and risk factors of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in a Saudi Arabian population”. Annals of Thoracic Medicine2 (2017): 88.
  27. Bahammam SA., et al. “Prevalence of thyroid disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnea”. Respiratory Medicine11 (2011): 1755-1760.
  28. BaHammam AS. “Prevalence, clinical characteristics, and predictors of obesity hypoventilation syndrome in a large sample of Saudi patients with obstructive sleep apnea”. Saudi Medical Journal 2 (2015): 181.
  29. Tokunou T and S-i Ando. “Recent advances in the management of secondary hypertension—obstructive sleep apnea”. Hypertension Research12 (2020): 1338-1343.
  30. Konecny T., et al. “Obstructive sleep apnea and hypertension: an update”. Hypertension2 (2014): 203-209.
  31. Sweed RA., et al. “Comorbidities associated with obstructive sleep apnea: a retrospective Egyptian study on 244 patients”. Sleep and Breathing4 (2019): 1079-1085.
  32. Papachatzakis I., et al. “Comorbidities in coexisting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea-overlap syndrome”. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences13 (2018): 4325-4331.
  33. Heinzer R., et al. “Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in the general population: the HypnoLaus study”. Lancet Respiratory Medicine4 (2015): 310-318.
  34. Mokhlesi B., et al. “The effect of sex and age on the comorbidity burden of OSA: an observational analysis from a large nationwide US health claims database”. European Respiratory Journal4 (2016): 1162-1169.
  35. Maimon N and PJ Hanly. “Does Snoring Intensity Correlate with the Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea?” Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine5 (2010): 475-478.
  36. Carlucci A., et al. “Efficacy of Bilevel-auto Treatment in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Not Responsive to or Intolerant of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Ventilation”. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine 9 (2015): 981-985.

Citation

Citation: Hussam Alzahrani., et al. “Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in an Obese Patient with Other Comorbidities in PHCs; Riyadh, Saudi Arabia". Acta Scientific Nutritional Health 7.6 (2023): 52-58.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2023 Hussam Alzahrani., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.




Metrics

Acceptance rate30%
Acceptance to publication20-30 days
Impact Factor1.316

Indexed In





News and Events


  • Certification for Review
    Acta Scientific certifies the Editors/reviewers for their review done towards the assigned articles of the respective journals.
  • Submission Timeline for Upcoming Issue
    The last date for submission of articles for regular Issues is November 25, 2024.
  • Publication Certificate
    Authors will be issued a "Publication Certificate" as a mark of appreciation for publishing their work.
  • Best Article of the Issue
    The Editors will elect one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of this article will be provided with a certificate of "Best Article of the Issue"
  • Welcoming Article Submission
    Acta Scientific delightfully welcomes active researchers for submission of articles towards the upcoming issue of respective journals.

Contact US