Reihane Taheri^1,6, Hossein Faramarzi^2,3, Maryam Ekramzadeh¹*, Hadi Raeisi Shahraki⁴, Zahra Negarande⁵ and Siavash Babajafari^1,5

¹Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
²Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
³Health Behavior Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
⁴Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
⁵Nutrition Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
⁶Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Division of Human Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton

*Corresponding Author: Maryam Ekramzadeh, Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Received: February 16, 2023; Published: March 01, 2023

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has imposed serious effects on public health. The main defender against this viral inflammatory disease is the body’s immune system. Selenium and vitamin D as anti-inflammatory, immune-enhancing micronutrients could be beneficial in alleviating the worst outcomes of COVID-19.

Methods: One hundred hospitalized COVID-19 patients with saturation of oxygen (SpO2) < 94 were assessed. In the first day of admission to the hospital, serum selenium and 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentrations were measured. Other clinical outcomes, including lung involvement, length of hospital stay (LOS), C-reactive protein (CRP), SpO2, intubation, and gastrointestinal and neural symptoms were extracted from each patient’s medical record. Twenty-four-hour food recall was taken to evaluate the food intake of patients.

Results: Fifty-six percent of patients were 25-hydroxy vitamin D deficient, and 2 percent were selenium deficient. After adjusting for confounding variables, serum selenium was negatively associated with mortality (coefficient: -0.16, p-value: 0.01) and both selenium (coefficient: -0.10, p-value: 0.01) and 25-hydroxy vitamin D (coefficient: -0.11, p-value: 0.004) showed inverse correlation with LOS.

Conclusion: There is an inverse association between serum concentrations of selenium and 25-hydroxy vitamin D with adverse clinical outcomes and mortality of patients with severe COVID-19. Higher concentrations of selenium were associated with increased SpO2 and decreased LOS and risk of death. Although higher concentrations of 25-hydroxy vitamin D were associated with reduced LOS and percentage of lung involvement, no association was found regarding mortality

Keywords: Selenium; Vitamin D; COVID-19; Lung Involvement; Mortality

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Citation

Citation: Maryam Ekramzadeh., et al. “Mortality and Clinical Outcomes of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients is Associated with Serum Concentrations of Selenium and Vitamin D".Acta Scientific Nutritional Health 7.4 (2023): 04-15.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2023 Maryam Ekramzadeh., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.