Tart Cherry Juice Reduces Plasma Triglycerides and CVD Risk Factor, But Does not Affect
Indirect Measures of Insulin Resistance, in Overweight and Obese Subjects: A Randomized,
Crossover Pilot Study
Keith R Martin1*, Jennifer Bopp2 and Lacey Burrell2
1Center for Nutraceutical and Dietary Supplement Research, University of Memphis, Tennessee, United States
2Healthy Lifestyles Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
*Corresponding Author: Keith R Martin, Center for Nutraceutical and Dietary Supplement Research, University of Memphis, Tennessee, United States.
Received:
July 29, 2022; Published: August 23, 2022
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death for men and women globally in both developed and developing countries, thus is a significant health problem. Obesity and overweightness (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2), occurring in 67% of the U.S. population, and insulin insensitivity (pre-diabetes) are co-morbidities frequently occurring concomitantly with CVD. Accumulating epidemiological evidence shows that polyphenol-rich diets rich in fruits can significantly reduce CVD risk.
Methods: In this randomized, placebo-controlled crossover pilot study, we recruited 10 participants (38.1 ± 12.5 y; 9 females, 2 males) with BMI > 25.0 (32.2 ± 4.6 kg/m2; 5 obese, 5 overweight) to consume 8 fl oz. daily of either 100% tart cherry juice (TCJ) or an alternate placebo beverage, for 4 weeks each with a 2-week intervening washout period. Fasting blood samples were collected at the beginning and end of each arm for measurement of biomarkers of dyslipidemia and glycemia.
Results: Total cholesterol (TC) was not different between treatments (p > 0.05) but plasma triglycerides (TG) and the CVD risk factor ratio TG/HDL-C were statistically decreased 10% and 17%, respectively (p < 0.05) after TCJ consumption. A trend existed for VLDL, which was reduced 15%. LDL-C and HDL-C were not different between treatments. Baseline fasting glucose (FG) and insulin levels were 99 ± 7 mg/dl and 12.8 ± 5.8 uIU/ml, respectively, with half having FG > 100 mg/dL. HOMA, QUICKI, and McAuley indices of insulin resistance were modulated suggesting pre-diabetes, but values were not significantly different between groups at study completion.
Conclusion: Collectively, the data suggest that 100% TCJ can reduce CVD risk by reducing plasma TG and some routinely used risk factors. ratios
Keywords: Tart Cherry Juice; Metabolic Syndrome; Insulin Resistance; Triglycerides; Overweight/Obese
References
- B Brannick., et al. “Prediabetes as a toxic environment for the initiation of microvascular and macrovascular complications”. Experimental Biology and Medicine 12 (2016): 1323-1331.
- MG Saklayen. “The Global Epidemic of the Metabolic Syndrome”. Current Hypertension Reports2. Current Medicine Group LLC (2018).
- Edwards CM and Cusi K. “Prediabetes: A worldwide epidemic”. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 4 (2016): 751-764.
- L Bozzetto., et al. “Polyphenol-rich diets improve glucose metabolism in people at high cardiometabolic risk: a controlled randomised intervention trial”. Diabetologia7 (2015): 1551-1560.
- JA Vita. “Polyphenols and cardiovascular disease: effects on endothelial and platelet function”. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1 (2005): 292-297.
- DS Kelley., et al. “A review of the health benefits of cherries”. Nutrients3 (2018): 1-22.
- DS Kelley., et al. “Consumption of bing sweet cherries lowers circulating concentrations of inflammation markers in healthy men and women”. The Journal of Nutrition 4 (2006): 981-986.
- EM Seymour., et al. “Regular tart cherry intake alters abdominal adiposity, adipose gene transcription, and inflammation in obesity-prone rats fed a high fat diet”. Journal of Medicinal Food 5 (2009): 935-942.
- Ghosh D and Scheepens A. “Vascular action of polyphenols”. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research 3 (2009): 322-331.
- PL Da Luz., et al. “High ratio of triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol predicts extensive coronary disease”. Clinics4 (2008): 427-432.
- B Jayaprakasam., et al. “Amelioration of obesity and glucose intolerance in high-fat-fed C57BL/6 mice by anthocyanins and ursolic acid in cornelian cherry (Cornus mas)”. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 1 (2006): 243-248.
- RDRMIBDRJJASCAFG Iswaldi I. “Identification of phenolic compounds in aqueous and ethanolic rooibos extracts (Aspalathus linearis) by HPLC-ESI-MS (TOF/IT)”. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 10 (2011): 3643-3654.
- SP Shah K. “Effect of Anthocyanin Supplementations on Lipid Profile and Inflammatory Markers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials”. Cholesterol20 (2018): 1-10.
- CYHCLCLYLYLKCY Yang DJ. “Antiobesity and hypolipidemic effects of polyphenol-rich longan (Dimocarpus longans Lour.) flower water extract in hypercaloric-dietary rats”. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 3 (2010).
- Kim HY., et al. “The protective role of amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) against fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in a rat model”. British Journal of Nutrition 4 (2010): 502-512.
- TYSAYAYH Uchiyama S. “Prevention of diet-induced obesity by dietary black tea polyphenols extract in vitro and in vivo”. Nutrition3 (2011): 287-292.
- Rosenblatt M and Aviram M. “Pomegranate juice protects macrophages from triglyceride accumulation: inhibitory effect on DGAT1 activity and on triglyceride biosynthesis”. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism1 (2011): 1-9.
- LJJJRKSSCSY Bose M. “The major green tea polyphenol, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, inhibits obesity, metabolic syndrome, and fatty liver disease in high-fat-fed mice”. The Journal of Nutrition 8 (2008): 1677-1683.
- KR Polley., et al. “Tart cherry consumption with or without prior exercise increases antioxidant capacity and decreases triglyceride levels following a high-fat meal”. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 11 (2019): 1209-1218.
- Chai SC., et al. “Effects of Tart Cherry Juice on Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Older Adults”. Nutrition2 (2019).
- APBDERLRLMCJ and B JP. “How can we measure insulin sensitivity/resistance?” Diabetes and Metabolism3 (2011): 179-188.
- R Acaso., et al. “Diagnosing Insulin Resistance by Simple quantitative methods in subjects with normal glucose metabolism”. Diabetes Care12 (2003): 3320-3325.
- F Zhang., et al. “The association of triglyceride and glucose index, and triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with prehypertension and hypertension in normoglycemic subjects: A large cross-sectional population study”. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension 7 (2021): 1405-14120.
- HGLKHYFY Liu XC. “The Triglyceride-Glucose Index, an Insulin Resistance Marker, Was Non-linear Associated With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in the General Population”. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine 14 (2021): 1-10.
- Cherian S., et al. “Antidiabetic effect of a glycoside of pelargonidin isolated from the bark of Ficus bengalensis Linn”. Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics 4 (1992): 380-382.
- Wolfram S., et al. “TEAVIGO (epigallocatechin gallate) supplementation prevents obesity in rodents by reducing adipose tissue mass”. Annual Review of Nutrition 1 (2005): 54-63.
- Wolfram S. “Effects of green tea and EGCG on cardiovascular and metabolic health”. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 4 (2007): 373S-388S.
- Wolfram S., et al. “Epigallocatechin gallate supplementation alleviates diabetes in rodents”. Journal of Nutrition 10 (2006): 2512-2518.
- Desai T., et al. “The effects of Montmorency tart cherry juice supplementation and FATMAX exercise on fat oxidation rates and cardio-metabolic markers in healthy humans”. European Journal of Applied Physiology 12 (2018): 2523-2539.
- PG Crepaldi G., et al. “Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and their role in Type 2 diabetes management”. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 30 (2007): 610-614.
Citation
Copyright