Mohammed Hasen Badeso¹*, Falaho Sani Kalili², Mohammed Seid Abdulle³ and Tuji Mohammed HajiSani⁴

¹Public Health Emergency Management Coordinator, East Bale Zonal Health Department, Ginnir, Ethiopia
²Negelle Borena Health Science College, Oromia Regional State, Negelle Borena, Ethiopia
³Public Health Emergency Management, West Harerghe Zonal Health Department, Chiro, Ethiopia
⁴Orthopaedic and Traumatology Surgery Resident, St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

*Corresponding Author: Mohammed Hasen Badeso, Public Health Emergency Management Coordinator, East Bale Zonal Health Department, Ginnir, Ethiopia.

Received: July 14, 2022; Published: August 17, 2022

Abstract

Objective: In Ethiopia, the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women differs geographically and ranged from 15.8% to 56.8%. The objective of this study is to identify the determinants of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care in health facilities of Bale-Robe Town, Southeast Ethiopia.

Design: A facility-based case-control study.

Setting: one hospital and one health center in Bale-Robe, Southeast Ethiopia.

Participants: A total of 282 pregnant women participated in the study (141 cases and 141 controls). Cases were pregnant women with altitude adjusted hemoglobin value < 11.0 g/dl at the first and third trimesters, and < 10.5 g/dl at second trimester. Controls were pregnant women with hemoglobin value ≥ than 11.0 g/dl at first and third trimesters, and ≥ 10.5 g/dl at second trimester.

Measures: A structured and pretested questionnaire used to collect data. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the determinants of anemia. Determinants were categorized as sociodemographic and economic, obstetric and medical, and dietary intake and behavioral.

Results: Housewife occupation (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.12-3.92), prolonged menstrual bleeding (AOR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.38-3.92) and undernutrition (AOR = 4.03, 95% CI = 1.38-11.83) were factors significantly associated with anemia in pregnant women.

Conclusion: Housewife occupation, prolonged menstrual bleeding and malnutrition were the determinants of anemia in pregnant women. Hence, anemia prevention and control strategy in pregnant women should include adequate dietary intake and strengthening nutritional counselling for pregnant women during antenatal care is also required by health care provider.

Keywords: Anemia; Pregnancy; Antenatal Clinic; Case Control; Bale-robe

References

1. World Health Organization. “The global prevalence of anemia in 2011”. Geneva: World Health Organization, (2015).
2. World Health Organization. “Iron Deficiency Anaemia Assessment, Prevention and Control: A guide for progamme managers”. WHO. WHO/NHD/01.3 (2001).
3. Luis CR., et al. “Early origins of health: The role of maternal health on current and future burden of chronic noncommunicable diseases”. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 115 (2011).
4. S Salhan., et al. “Evaluation of Hematological Parameters in Partial Exchange and Packed Cell Transfusion in Treatment of Severe Anemia in Pregnancy”. Anemia (2012).
5. Filagot K., et al. “Anemia among pregnant women in Southeast Ethiopia : prevalence, severity and associated risk factors”. BMC Research Notes 7 (2014): 771.
6. Ks Khan., et al. “WHO analysis of causes of maternal death: a systematic review”. The Lancet 9516 (2006): 1066-1074.
7. Karaoglu L., et al. “The prevalence of nutritional anemia in pregnancy in an East Anatolian Province, Turkey”. BMC Public Health1 (2010): 1.
8. Getachew MK., et al. “Prevalence and determinants of anemia among pregnant women in Ethiopia ; a systematic review and meta-analysis”. BMC Hematology17 (2017).
9. Central Statistical Agency (CSA), Ethiopia and ICF. Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: CSA and ICF (2016).
10. Mulugeta M., et al. “Prevalence and Predictors of Maternal Anemia during Pregnancy in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: An Institutional Based Cross-Sectional Study”. Hindawi 9 (2014).
11. Teklit G., et al. “Magnitude and factors associated with anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care in public health centers in central zone of Tigray region, northern Ethiopia: a cross sectional study”. BMC Pregnancy and childbirth 433 (2018).
12. Befikadua Z., et al. “Prevalence of Anemia and its Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care ( ANC ) In Mizan Tepi University Teaching Hospital, South West Ethiopia. Health Science Journal 5 (2017): 529.
13. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health. Health Sector Transformation Plan. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health, 2015/16-2019/20. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (2015).
14. Fantahun AM., et al. “Socio-economic determinants of anemia in pregnancy in North Shoa Zone, Ethiopia”. PLoS ONE 8 (2018): e0202734.
15. Million G., et al. “Anaemia and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Gilgel Gibe dam area, Southwest Ethiopia”. Parasites and Vectors 5 (2012): 296.
16. Niguse O., et al. “Magnitude of anemia and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in shalla”. Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences 2 (2013): 165-173.
17. Bizuneh A and Befekadu A. “Assessment of Prevalence and Risk Factors for Anemia Among Pregnant Mothers Attending Anc Clinic at Adama Hospital Medical Collage, Adama, Ethiopia”. Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 3 (2018): 31-39.
18. Lealem G., et al. “Anemia and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinic in Wolayita Sodo town, Southern Ethiopia”. Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences 2 (2015): 155-162.
19. “Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity”. Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System. Geneva, World Health Organization (2011).
20. Tadesse SE., et al. “Determinants of anemia among pregnant mothers attending antenatal care in Dessie town health facilities , northern central Ethiopia, unmatched case -control study”. PLoS ONE 3 (2017): e0173173.
21. Nestel P and The INACG Steering Committee. “Adjusting Hemoglobin Values in Program Surveys” (2002).
22. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). “Guidelines for Measuring Household and Individual Dietary Diversity”. Rome, Italy (2010).
23. Ververs MT., et al. “Which anthropometric indicators identify a pregnant woman as acutely malnourished and predict adverse birth outcomes in the humanitarian context?” PLoS Currents 5 (2013).
24. Ethiopia Public Health Institute, FMOH. “Ethiopia STEPS Report on Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Disease and Prevalence of Selected NCDs”. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (2016).
25. “Focusing on anaemia: towards an integrated approach for effective anaemia control”. Geneva: World Health Organization (2004).
26. Fekede W., et al. “Determinants of Anemia among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Public Health Facilities at Durame Town : Unmatched Case Control Study”. Hidawi (2018).
27. Meseret A., et al. “Prevalence of anemia and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Azezo Health Center Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia”. Journal of Interdisciplinary Histopathology 3 (2013): 137-144.
28. Terefe D., et al. “Magnitude and associated factors of anemia among pregnant women in Dera District : a cross ‑ sectional study in northwest”. BMC Research Notes 10 (2017): 359.
29. Yirga E., et al. “Determinants of severe anemia among laboring mothers in Mekelle city public hospitals, Tigray region, Ethiopia”. PLoS ONE 11 (2017): e0186724.
30. Belete A., et al. “Major Risk Factors Predicting Anemia Development during Pregnancy: Unmatched-Case Control Study”. Journal of Community Medicine and Health Education 3 (2015): 353.
31. Abera A., et al. “Determinants of prenatal anemia in Ethiopia”. Archives of Public Health 75 (2017): 51.
32. Alyson MC., et al. “Predictors of anemia among pregnant women in Westmoreland, Jamaica”. Health Care Women International7 (2011): 585-598.
33. Hinderaker SG., et al. “Anemia in pregnancy in rural Tanzania : associations with micronutrients status and infections”. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 56 (2002): 192-199.
34. World Health Organization. “WHO Recommendations on antenatal care for positive pregnancy expreince”. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data (2016).
35. De BB., et al. “WHO global Database on anaemia”. Geneva: WHO (2008): 1993-2005.

Citation

Citation: Mohammed Hasen Badeso., et al. “Determinants of Anemia Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Bale-robe Town Health Facilities, Bale Zone, Southeast Ethiopia: A Case-control Study". Acta Scientific Nutritional Health 6.9 (2022): 39-48.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Mohammed Hasen Badeso., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.