Meenakshi Jakhar¹*, Ritu Mathur², Pintu Nahata³, Devendra Agrawal³ and Dinesh Choudhary³

¹Research Scholar, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, MDS University Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
²Professor, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, MDS University Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
³Professor, Dietician1, S. P. Medical College and Associated Group of Hospitals, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India

*Corresponding Author: Meenakshi Jakhar, Research Scholar, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, MDS University Ajmer, Rajasthan, India.

Received: May 10, 2022; Published:

Abstract

Flaxseed (Linum Usitatissimum) is an oilseed rich in dietary fiber, alpha-linolenic acid, and lignans. It is a well-known nutritional supplement for weight loss and other health ailments. The study was conducted to see the effect of flaxseed intake affects the Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Hip Ratio (WHR), Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), cholesterol, and triglyceride in mild hypertensive patients. Likewise, the study also intends to test the effect of the duration of dietary supplementation on the BMI, WHR, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglyceride. This study hypothesized that the intake of 10 gm/day of raw flaxseed as a dietary supplement would significantly moderate the BMI, WHR, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglyceride in mild hypertensive patients. We performed a two-way repeated measure ANOVA test on finding using the SPSS tool to test the hypothesis. The result reveals that the 10gm per day of flaxseed intake as a dietary supplement significantly impacts the BMI, WHR, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglyceride.

Keywords: Flaxseed; Oilseed; Hypertension; Prehypertensive Patients; Cholesterol; Body Mass Index; BMI; Waist Hip Ratio; WHR; Triglycerides; Cholesterol; Cardiovascular Diseases; Systolic Blood Pressure; Diastolic Blood Pressure

References

1. Carretero Oscar A and Suzanne Oparil. "Essential Hypertension Part I: Definition and Etiology Clinical Cardiology: New Frontiers”. Circulation 101 (2000).
2. Ferdinand Keith C., et al. "The NEW-HOPE Study and Emerging Therapies for Difficult-to-Control and Resistant Hypertension”. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases1 (2020): 64-73.
3. Santini Antonello and Ettore Novellino. "Nutraceuticals in Hypercholesterolaemia: An Overview”. British Journal of Pharmacology Wiley Online Library11 (2017): 1450-1463.
4. James Paul A., et al. "2014 Evidence-Based Guideline for the Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: Report from the Panel Members Appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8)”. JAMA 5 (2014): 507-520.
5. Mahan L Kathleen and Sylvia Escott-Stump. “Krause's Food, Nutrition, and Diet Therapy”. Saunders Philadelphia (2004).
6. Chaising Supansa and Punnarumol Temdee. "Determining Significant Risk Factors for Preventing Elderly People with Hypertension from Cardiovascular Disease Complication Using Maximum Objective Distance”. Wireless Personal Communications, Springer (2020): 1-24.
7. Karatasakis Aris., et al. "Effect of PCSK9 Inhibitors on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Hypercholesterolemia: A Meta‐analysis of 35 Randomized Controlled Trials”. Journal of the American Heart Association12 (2017): e006910.
8. Yusuf Salim., et al. "Effect of Potentially Modifiable Risk Factors Associated with Myocardial Infarction in 52 Countries (the INTERHEART Study): Case-Control Study”. The Lancet9438 (2004): 937-952.
9. Investigators GISSI-Prevenzione. "Dietary Supplementation with N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Vitamin E after Myocardial Infarction: Results of the GISSI-Prevenzione Trial”. The Lancet9177 (1999): 447-455.
10. De Lorgeril Michel., et al. "Mediterranean Diet, Traditional Risk Factors, and the Rate of Cardiovascular Complications after Myocardial Infarction: Final Report of the Lyon Diet Heart Study”. Circulation American Heart Association 6 (1999): 779-785.
11. Leaf Alexander. “Dietary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease the Lyon Diet Heart Study” Circulation6 (1999): 733-735.
12. Magee Elaine. "The Benefits of Flaxseed”. WebMD (2009).
13. Chaudhary Babita., et al. "Flax: The Fibre of Linen”. Current Biotica1 (2016): 1-4.
14. Seeds,    Flaxseed. 
15. S. Department of Agriculture, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. FoodData Central. Seeds, Flaxseed (2019).
16. Prasad  “Antioxidant activity of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside-derived metabolites, secoisolariciresinol, enterodiol, and enterolactone”. International Journal of Angiology 9.4 (2000): 220-225.
17. Djousse Luc., et al. "Relation Between Modifiable Lifestyle Factors and Lifetime Risk of Heart Failure”. JAMA4 (2009): 394-400.
18. Haidari F., et al. "The effects of flaxseed supplementation on metabolic status in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized open-labeled controlled clinical trial”. Nutrition Journal1 (2020): 8.
19. Cassani RS., et al. "Impact of weight loss diet associated with flaxseed on inflammatory markers in men with cardiovascular risk factors: a clinical study”. Nutrition Journal 14 (2015): 5.
20. Rezaei S., et al. "Flaxseed oil in the context of a weight loss programme ameliorates fatty liver grade in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomised double-blind controlled trial”. British Journal of Nutrition 9 (2020): 994-1002.
21. Howarth NC., et al. "Dietary fiber and weight regulation”. Nutrition Reviews 5 (2001): 129-139.
22. Akrami A., et al. "Comparison of the effects of flaxseed oil and sunflower seed oil consumption on serum glucose, lipid profile, blood pressure, and lipid peroxidation in patients with metabolic syndrome”. Journal of Clinical Lipidology 1 (2018): 70-77.
23. Toulabi T., et al. "Effects of flaxseed on blood pressure, body mass index, and total cholesterol in hypertensive patients: A randomized clinical trial”. Explore (NY) 24 (2021): S1550-8307.
24. Khalesi S., et al. "Flaxseed consumption may reduce blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials”. The Journal of Nutrition 4 (2015): 758-765.
25. Al-Khudairy L., et al. "Omega 6 fatty acids for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease”. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 11 (2015).
26. Stuglin C and Prasad K. “Effect of flaxseed consumption on blood pressure, serum lipids, hemopoietic system and liver and kidney enzymes in healthy humans”. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics1 (2005): 23-27.
27. Edel AL., et al. "Dietary flaxseed independently lowers circulating cholesterol and lowers it beyond the effects of cholesterol-lowering medications alone in patients with peripheral artery disease4”. The Journal of Nutrition 4 (2015): 749-757.
28. Dodin S., et al. "The effects of flaxseed dietary supplement on lipid profile, bone mineral density, and symptoms in menopausal women: a randomized, doubleblind, wheat germ placebo controlled clinical trial”. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 3 (2005): 1390-1397.

Citation

Citation: Meenakshi Jakhar., et al. “Effect of the Flaxseed Supplementation on the BMI, WHR, SBP, DBP, Cholesterol, and Triglycerides in Mild Hypertensive Patients". Acta Scientific Nutritional Health 6.6 (2022): 00-00.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Meenakshi Jakhar., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.