Rabia Melda Karaağaç, Çağla Pınarli and Fatih Tarlak*

Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, İstanbul Gedik University, İstanbul, Turkey

*Corresponding Author: Fatih Tarlak, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, İstanbul, İstanbul Gedik University, Turkey.

Received: November 22, 2021; Published: December 20, 2021

Abstract

Selenium (Se), discovered by Brezilius and Gahn in 1817, is a trace element that is known as a cofactor of many enzymes in our body and has an antioxidant function. It is found in nature and organisms in organic and/or inorganic forms. Se is an important component of selenoproteins that play a role in many biological functions such as antioxidant defense, formation of thyroid hormones, DNA synthesis, fertility, and reproduction. The most important sources of Se are brazil nuts, offal, and fish. Adults should consume 55 micrograms per day. Se toxicity can occur if Se has taken into the body more than necessary. The most common clinical symptoms of Se toxicity are hair loss and split nails. Adults should consume no more than 400 micrograms of Se per day. Se shortage is more common in areas where the soil contains little Se. As a result of deficiency, Keshan and Kashin-Beck diseases occur in people. Se is a mineral that has been linked to chronic illnesses like cancer and cardiovascular disease. There is also a relationship between selenium and gut microbiata. This review aims to discuss the Se mineral from a clinical and metabolic point of view.

KeywordsSe; Mineral; Antioxidant; Selenoprotein; Thyroid; Cardiovascular Disease; Cancer; Enzymes

References

1. Şimşir IY and Özgen AG. “Tiroid ve selenyum”. Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine 14 (2010): 76-79.
2. Orak E., et al. “Selenyum ve kalp hastalıkları ile ilişkisi”. Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi 28 (2000): 230-238.
3. Oldfield JE. “A brief history of Se research: From alkali disease to prostate cancer (from poison to prevention)”. Journal of Animal Science 1 (2001): 1-4.
4. Mehdi Y., et al. “Se in the environment, metabolism and involvement in body functions”.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)3 (2013): 3292-3311.
5. Hıncal F and Ataçeri N. “Selenyum'un insan sağlığındaki rolü” FABAD Farm. Bil. Der 14 (1989): 23-38.
6. Suttle NF. “Mineral Nutrition of Livestock. 4th ed. MPG Books Group: London, UK (2010): 565.
7. Tóth RJ, Csapó J. “The role of Se in nutrition - A review”. Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Alimentaria 11.1 (2018): 128-144.
8. Aksoy M. “Beslenme Biyokimyası (3. Baskı)”. Ankara: Hatiboğlu Yayıncılık (2011): 546-560.
9. Brigelius-Flohe R and Maiorino M. “Glutathione peroxidases”. Biochimica Biophysica Acta (2012).
10. Rayman MP. “The importance of Se to human health”. The Lancet9225 (2000): 233-241. 
11. Burk RF. “Se in Biology and Human Health’. Springer-Verlag New York Inc.: New York, NY, USA (1994): 221.
12. Finch JM and Turner RJ. “Effects of Se and vitamin e on the immune responses of domestic animals”. Research in Veterinary Science 60 (1996): 97-106.
13. Allan CB., et al. “Responsiveness of selenoproteins to dietary Se”. Annual Review of Nutrition 19 (1999): 1-16.
14. Mirone M., et al. “Se and reproductive function: A systematic review”.Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 10 (2013): 28-36.
15. https://www.turkomp.gov.tr/component_result-30
16. S. Department of Agriculture. “Agricultural Research Service”. Food Data Central (2019).
17. Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board. “Dietary Reference Intakes: Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Se, and Carotenoids”. National Academy Press, Washington, DC (2010).
18. Fairweather-Tait., et al. “Se in human health and disease”. Antioxidants and Redox Signaling7 (2011): 1337-1383.
19. Reilly C. “Se in food and health”. London: Blackie Academic and Professional (1996).
20. Cooper A., et al. “Nutritional management of infants and children with specific diseases and other conditions”. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 11^th Baltimore: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins (2012): 988-1005. 
21. Sunde RA Se. “Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease”. 11^th Baltimore: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins (2014): 265-276.
22. Sur Ü., et al. “Selenyum, selenoproteinler ve hashimato tiroiditi FABAD”. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1 (2020): 45-64.
23. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Se-HealthProfessional/#en10
24. Dennert G., et al. “Se for preventing cancer”. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 5 (2011): CD005195.
25. Flores-Mateo G., et al. “Se and coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis”. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 84.4 (2006): 762-773.
26. Xun P., et al. “Longitudinal association between toenail Se levels and measures of subclinical atherosclerosis: the CARDIA trace element study”.Atherosclerosis 210.2 (2010): 662-667.
27. Bleys J., et al. “Serum Se and peripheral arterial disease: results from the national health and nutrition examination survey, 2003-2004”. American Journal of Epidemiology 169.8 (2009): 996-1003.
28. Rasmussen LB., et al. “Se status, thyroid volume, and multiple nodule formation in an area with mild iodine deficiency”. European Journal of Endocrinology 164.4 (2011): 585-590.
29. Sieja K and Talerczyk M. “Se as an element in the treatment of ovarian cancer in women receiving chemotherapy”. Gynecologic Oncology 93.2 (2004): 320-327.
30. Bull MJ and Plummer NT. “Part 1: The Human Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease”. Journal of Integrative Medicine (Encinitas)6 (2014): 17-22.
31. Lozupone CA., et al. “Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota”. Nature7415 (2012): 220-230.
32. Milani C., et al. “The First Microbial Colonizers of the Human Gut: Composition, Activities, and Health Implications of the Infant Gut Microbiota”. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 4 (2017): e00036-37.
33. Fassarella M., et al. “Gut microbiome stability and resilience: elucidating the response to perturbations in order to modulate gut health”. Gut3 (2021): 595-605.
34. Zhang Y and Gladyshev VN. “Comparative genomics of trace elements: emerging dynamic view of trace element utilization and function”. Chemical Reviews10 (2009): 4828-4861.
35. Lin J., et al. “Comparative genomics reveals new candidate genes involved in Se metabolism in prokaryotes”. Genome Biology and Evolution 3 (2015): 664-676.
36. Zhang J., et al. “Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome is associated with thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules and correlated with clinical index of thyroid function”. Endocrine 34 (2009): 564-574.
37. Koziolek M., et al. “Investigation of pH and Temperature Profiles in the GI Tract of Fasted Human Subjects Using the Intellicap (®) System”. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 9 (2015): 2855-2863. 
38. Kasaikina MV., et al. “Dietary Se affects host selenoproteome expression by influencing the gut microbiota”. The FASEB Journal7 (2011): 2492-2499.

Citation

Citation: Rabia Melda Karaağaç., et al. “Effects of Selenium Mineral on Health". Acta Scientific Nutritional Health 6.1 (2022): 95-100.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Fatih Tarlak., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.