Dr. Gauri Agarwal¹, Dr. Lalita Upadhyay²*, Sandhra George³ and Grace Margaret³

¹Founder and Chief Fertility Specialist, Seeds of Innocence Fertility Center, Malviya Nagar, Delhi, India
²Cluster Head - Clinical Embryology Department, Malviya Nagar, Delhi, India
³Clinical Embryologist, Seeds of Innocence Fertility Center, Malviya Nagar, Delhi, India

*Corresponding Author: Dr. Lalita Upadhyay, Cluster Head - Clinical Embryology Department, Malviya Nagar, Delhi, India.

Received: August 28, 2025; Published: September 04, 2025

Abstract

The failure to attain a clinical pregnancy naturally after one year of unprotected intercourse is termed as infertility. Some of the factors that contribute to Infertility are late marriages, advanced age, genetics and lifestyle to name a few. To tackle this scenario, infertile and sub fertile couples take the aid of assisted reproductive technology. Intra uterine insemination (IUI), In vitro fertilization (IVF), Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), surgical sperm retrieval are commonly used procedures in ART. The exposure of chemicals which may contain heavy metals in working environment can cause sperm DNA fragmentation. The fertilization of an oocyte with high DNA fragmentation index may affect the clinical outcomes such as poor implantation or even miscarriage. In this review, we attempt to uncover how endocrine disrupting chemicals affect the sperm as well as some strategies to be considered while selecting a sperm for ICSI and subsequently assure a better clinical outcome.

Keywords: Heavy Metals; DNA Fragmentation; ICSI; Biomarkers

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Citation

Citation: Dr. Lalita Upadhyay., et al. “A Comprehensive Review on Male Infertility". Acta Scientific Women's Health 7.10 (2025): 03-11.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2025 Dr. Lalita Upadhyay., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.