Revitalizing Primary Health Care for Maternal and Child Healthcare En-route to Attaining Universal Health Coverage, and the SDGs in Zimbabwe by 2030
Portia Manangazira1* and Itai Rusike2
1Community Working Group on Health (CWGH), Zimbabwe
2Executive Director, (CWGH), Zimbabwe
*Corresponding Author: Portia Manangazira, Community Working Group on Health (CWGH), Zimbabwe
Received:
July 03, 2025; Published: July 21, 2025
Abstract
The state of health is linked to the national socio-economic conditions and development paradigms. Zimbabwe has undergone a protracted and complex social, economic and political strife that has over the past two decades, negatively impacted on key national systems and institutions including health, education, social welfare and economic development. This situation severely challenged the health system, putting vulnerable populations, especially women and children at high risk of ill health and premature demise from unattended disease and health conditions. The health sector was already facing deep structural and operational challenges, even before COVID-19, and the pandemic worsened and further exposed the system wide demise.
Keywords: COVID-19; Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR)
References
- National Budget Estimates, Ministry of Finance and Economic Development; Zimbabwe (2022).
- Population and Housing Census, Ministry of Finance and Economic Development; Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT) (2022).
- The International Conference on Primary Health Care, Alma-Ata, USSR, 6-12 September (1978).
- The Global Conference on Primary Health Care - From Alma-Ata towards universal health coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals; Astana, Kazakhstan, 25 - 26 October (2018).
- The Millennium Development Goals; United Nations, September (2000).
- Abuja Declaration.
- The Constitution of Zimbabwe; Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment (No. 20) Act, 2013, Parliament of Zimbabwe, May 22, (2013).
- The National Development Strategy for Zimbabwe, 2021 – 2025; Towards a Prosperous and Empowered Upper Middle Income Society by 2030, 16 November (2020).
- The National Health Strategy for Zimbabwe (2021 – 2025); Ministry of Health and Child Care, November (2022).
- WHO Country Cooperation Strategy 2016-2020: Zimbabwe; World Health Organization. Regional Office for Africa, (2016)
- Revitalizing Primary Health Care Towards Universal Health Coverage for the Achievement of the National Agenda 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals in Zimbabwe, Unpublished Policy Brief, (CWGH, PHCPI, 2022).
- An overview of results and achievements in the areas of Social Policy, Health, Nutrition, HIV/AIDS, Water, Sanitation and Hygiene, Education, and Child Protection; UNICEF Zimbabwe Annual Report, (2023).
- The Constitution of the World Health Organization; 7 April (1948).
- The World Health Assembly, (WHA), Resolution 74.16, citing the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health, (WHO, 2008, 2012).
- Driving Action to Reach Girls at Greatest Risk; UNFPA-UNICEF Global Programme to End Child Marriage; UNICEF/UNFPA, (2016).
- The Zimbabwe Population and Housing Census Series; 1982, 1992, 2002, 2012, 2022; Ministry of Finance and Economic Development; Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT), 1982 to date…
- The National Household Capability Programme – Demographic Health Survey Series; (1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005/6, 2010/11, 2015, 2022); Central Statistical Office, Ministry of Finance and Economic Development, Zimbabwe.
- International Household Survey Network; Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey Series; 2009, 2014, 2019; UNICEF.
- S Munjanja., et al. “Zimbabwe National Maternal and Perinatal Mortality Survey”. (2009).
Citation
Copyright