Shovandeb Kalapahar¹, Nalini J Gupta²,  Sunita Sharma¹, Ratna Chattopadhyay¹, Hiralal Konar¹, Baidyanath Chakravarty¹ and Pratip Chakraborty¹*

¹Department of Assisted Reproduction, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Kolkata, India
²Department of Genetics, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Kolkata, India

*Corresponding Author: Pratip Chakraborty, Department of Assisted Reproduction, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Kolkata, India.

Received: May 12, 2022; Published: October 28, 2022

Abstract

Microcephaly describes a structural defect of the fetal head circumference; causes being extensive, and heterogeneous including both known and undetermined etiologies. No conventional treatment/s is currently available to minimize the risk of anomaly. Maternal hyperglycemia is often associated with adverse perinatal outcomes upsetting embryonic development. A tight glycemic control possibly restructures interwined teratogenically capable pathways balancing the reactive oxidative species metabolism. However, only few studies have highlighted on changes in response to diet and metabolic conditions for increased risk for anomalies in diabetic and obese pregnancies. Management strategies often miss recommended preconception counseling in unplanned pregnancies. In this report, a patient of early pregnancy with bad obstetric history successfully responded to an optimized glycemic control to avoid a major congenital defect like microcephaly.

Keywords: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus; Glycemic Control; Insulin; Microcephaly

References

1. “Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities N, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention”. Facts about microcephaly; (2016).
2. McCance D., et al. “A practical manual of diabetes in pregnancy”. John Wiley and Sons, (2017).
3. Padhi S., et al. “Type II diabetes mellitus: a review on recent drug based therapeutics”. Biomed Pharmacotherapy 131 (2020): 110708.
4. Eriksson U J and Wentzel P. “The status of diabetic embryopathy”. Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences 121 (2016): 96-112.
5. Najmi A., et al. “Early onset gestational diabetes mellitus: A case report and importance of early screening”. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 8 (2019): 1772-1774.
6. Cosmi E., et al. “Structural-tridimensional study of yolk sac in pregnancies complicated by diabetes”. Journal of Perinatal Medicine 33 (2005): 132-136.
7. Dong D., et al. “New development of the yolk sac theory in diabetic embryopathy: molecular mechanism and link to structural birth defects”. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 214 (2016): 192-202.
8. “Definition, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications. Part I:Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus WHO/MCD/MCS/99”. 2^nd ed. Geneva: WHO; (1999): 1-59.
9. Vana DR. “The molecular crosstalk: oxidative stress, genomic instability and neurodegenerative disorders”. Biomedical Research 28 (2017): 14.
10. Hyer S., et al. “Metformin in Pregnancy: Mechanisms and Clinical Applications”. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19 (2018): 1954.
11. Data Table of Infant Head Circumference-for-age Charts, National Center for Health Statistics at CDC.gov/growthcharts/html_charts/hcageinf.htm dated 7/19/2021.

Citation

Citation: Pratip Chakraborty., et al. “Consequence of Diabetic Environment and Significance of Glycemic Control in Early Pregnancy: A Case Report". Acta Scientific Women's Health 4.11 (2022): 23-26.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Pratip Chakraborty., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.