Acta Scientific Women's Health (ASWH)(ISSN: 2582-3205)

Research Article Volume 4 Issue 3

Feto-maternal Outcome of Anemia in Pregnancy at the Gambian Tertiary Hospital

Anyanwu Matthew1,2* and Romaric Nyuyfoni Nsaidzeka2

1Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital (EFSTH), Banjul, The Gambia
2School of Medical and Allied Health Sciences, University of The Gambia, The Gambia

*Corresponding Author: Anyanwu Matthew, Senior Lecturer, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of the Gambia School of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Banjul, The Gambia.

Received: December 27, 2021; Published: February 24, 2022

Abstract

Background/Objective: A lot of people are affected by anaemia worldwide, with the most vulnerable group being children and pregnant women. The highest prevalence of anaemia is found in the developing nations. The objective was to determine the prevalence of stillbirth, preterm delivery, low birth weight, low Apgar score in anaemic pregnant women compare with non-anaemic pregnant women at Edward Francis Small Teaching hospital from July to September 2019.

Methodology: A prospective cross sectional study was conducted and the sample size was calculated with G-power 3.1. Recruitment occurred irrespective of gestation age. At the time of delivery, obstetric and neonatal characteristics were entered into computer database. The data was analysed with SPSS version 25. Inference was from a descriptive statistics at significant level of 0.05.

Result: A total of 210 mothers, 105 anaemic and 105 non-anaemic controls were in the study. The age range was between 19 to 35 years. The prevalence of mild and severe anaemia was 71.4% and 2.9% respectively. The measured adverse outcome includes; Low Birth Weight; 30.2% Vs 27.6%; P- 0.650. Preterm delivery; 32.4% Vs 23.8% p- value 0.169; stillbirth 10.5% Vs 7.6% p-value 0.473, low Apgar score at 5 minutes 29.5% vs 25.7% p-0.539 and NICU admission of 16.2% vs 13.3% p- 0.329; Postpartum haemorrhage 19.0% Vs 15.2% p- 0.466; Cardiac failure 0% Vs 1.5% p- 0.157 showed no statistical differences.
In secondary analysis of the data it became evident that poor pregnancy outcomes were highest in severe anaemia. That common significant risk factor and complication of anaemia was illiteracy and postpartum haemorrhage respectively.

Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the feto-maternal outcomes for the anaemic and non-anaemic women. Severe anaemia was associated with some significant adverse outcome among those with anaemia.

Keywords:Pregnancy; Anaemia; Fetal; Maternal; Outcome

References

  1. “The global prevalence of anaemia in 2011”. Geneva: World Health Organization (2015).
  2. “Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity”. Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System. Geneva, World Health Organization (2011).
  3. Guyton AC and Hall JE. “Textbook of Medical Physiology”. Eleventh Edition. 1600 Joh F. Kennedy Blvd., Suite1800. Philadelphia Pennsylvania: Elsevier Saunders (2006): 1116.
  4. Murray L., et al. “Oxford handbook of clinical medicine”. 9th New York. United States: Oxford University Press Inc., New York (2014): 902.
  5. Bruno De Benoist., et al. “Worldwide prevalence of Anemia 1993 to 2005”. WHO production document services (2011).
  6. Sally Collins., et al. “Oxford handbook of Obstetrics and Gyneacology”. 3rd Great Claredon Street, Oxford: Oxford University Press (2013).
  7. Broek N van den. “Anaemia in pregnancy in sub-Saharan countries”. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 1 (2001): 4-6.
  8. Abraha I., et al. “Oral iron-based interventions for prevention of critical outcomes in pregnancy and postnatal care: An overview and update of systematic reviews”. Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 2 (2019): 155-166.
  9. Sabina S., et al. “An Overview of Anemia in Pregnancy”. Journal of Surgery Pakistan3 (2019): 8.
  10. Auerbach M., et al. “Prevalence of iron deficiency in first trimester, nonanemic pregnant women”. The European Association of Perinatal Medicine (2019): 1-4.
  11. Prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age (% of women ages 15-49) - Gambia, The World Health Organization, Global Health Observatory Data Repository/World Health Statistics (2016).
  12. Rahmati S., et al. “Maternal Anemia and Pregnancy outcomes: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”. International Journal of Pediatrics 8 (2016): 3323-3342.
  13. Jackson RT and Latham MC. “Anemia of pregnancy in Liberia, West Africa: a therapeutic trial”. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 4 (1982): 710-714.
  14. Amelo Bolka and Samson Gebremedhin. “Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection and its association with anemia among pregnant women in Wondo Genet district, Southern Ethiopia: a cross sectional study”. BMC Infectious Disease1 (2019): 483.
  15. Jackson RT Jackson LC. “Biological and Behavioral Contributors to Anemia during Pregnancy in Liberia, West Africa”. Human Biology4 (1987): 585-597.
  16. Diederike Geelhoed., et al. “Maternal and fetal outcome after severe anemia in pregnancy in rural Ghana”. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 1 (2006): 49-55.
  17. Maka SS., et al. “Study of impact of anemia on pregnancy”. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 11 (2017): 4847-4850.
  18. Shradha S., et al. “Study of impact of anemia on pregnancy”. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology11 (2017).
  19. Marahatta R. “Study of anaemia in pregnancy and its outcome in Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal”. Nepal Medical College Journal 4 (007): 270-274.
  20. Ram Hari Ghimire and Sita Ghimire. “Maternal and fetal outcome following severe anaemia in pregnancy: results from Nobel medical college teaching hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal”. Journal of Nobel Medical College 1 (2013): 22-26.
  21. Chintan Upadhyay and Nisha Upadhyay. “Effects of anemia on pregnancy outcome: a prospective study at tertiary care hospital”. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 12 (2017).
  22. Ndukwu GU and Dienye PO. “Prevalence and socio-demographic factors associated with anaemia in pregnancy in a primary health centre in Rivers State, Nigeria”. African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine 1 (2012): 7.
  23. Rahmati Sh., et al. “Maternal Anemia and Pregnancy outcomes: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”. International Journal of Pediatrics 8 (2016): 3323-3342.
  24. Jung J., et al. “Effects of hemoglobin levels during pregnancy on adverse maternal and infant outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis”. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2019).
  25. Young MF., et al. “Maternal Hemoglobin Concentrations Across Pregnancy and Maternal and Child Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (P11-033-19)”. Current Developments in Nutrition 3 (2019).
  26. Geelhoed D., et al. “Maternal and fetal outcome after severe anemia in pregnancy in rural Ghana”. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 1 (2006): 49-55.
  27. Daru J., et al. “Risk of maternal mortality in women with severe anaemia during pregnancy and post partum: a multilevel analysis”. Lancet Global Health 5 (2018): e548-554.
  28. Tunkyi K and Moodley J. “Anemia and pregnancy outcomes: a longitudinal study”. Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine 19 (2018): 2594-2598.
  29. Young MF. “Maternal anaemia and risk of mortality: a call for action”. Lancet Global Health5 (2018): e479-480.

Citation

Citation: Anyanwu Matthew and Romaric Nyuyfoni Nsaidzeka. “Feto-maternal Outcome of Anemia in Pregnancy at the Gambian Tertiary Hospital". Acta Scientific Women's Health 4.3 (2022): 12-19.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Anyanwu Matthew and Romaric Nyuyfoni Nsaidzeka. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.




Metrics

Acceptance rate35%
Acceptance to publication20-30 days

Indexed In





News and Events


  • Certification for Review
    Acta Scientific certifies the Editors/reviewers for their review done towards the assigned articles of the respective journals.
  • Submission Timeline for Upcoming Issue
    The last date for submission of articles for regular Issues is December 25, 2024.
  • Publication Certificate
    Authors will be issued a "Publication Certificate" as a mark of appreciation for publishing their work.
  • Best Article of the Issue
    The Editors will elect one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of this article will be provided with a certificate of "Best Article of the Issue"

Contact US