Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

K Siva Achanna and Jaydeep Nanda*

Mahsa University, Jalan SP2, Kuala Langat, Selangor, Malaysia

*Corresponding Author: Jaydeep Nanda, Mahsa University, Jalan SP2, Kuala Langat, Selangor, Malaysia.

Received: July 02, 2021; Published: July 31, 2021

Abstract

the attention of the primary care doctor or the gynaecologist. Anovulation without any medical illness or pelvic pathology seems to be the common cause.

Bleeding due to a wide variation in pathology both inside and outside the reproductive tract can be termed as an anovulatory bleeding. Therefore, it is mandatory to elicit a focused menstrual history and appropriate evaluation followed by a pelvic examination. This includes a vaginal speculum examination, to differentiate anovulatory bleeding from other causes of bleeding. In contrast, Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is referred to as an ovulatory bleeding exceeding 8 days duration and is often caused by uterine fibroids or adenomyosis, a copper IUD or coagulation disorders. PALM-COEIN classification is a system designed by the Federation Internationale de Gynecologie et d’ Obstetrique to define the precise underlying causes of AUB.

Etiology of AUB can be classified as following the Acronym “PALM-COEIN”: Polyp, Adenomyosis, Leiomyoma, Malignancy and hyperplasia, Coagulopathy, Ovulatory dysfunction, Endometrial, Iatrogenic and Not otherwise classified.

AUB describes a range of symptoms, such as HMB, inter menstrual bleeding (IMB) and a combination of both heavy and prolonged menstrual bleeding (MB). Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) and menorrhagia are now better described as AUB. Newborn girls sometimes spot for a few days after birth, due to placental estrogenic stimulation of the endometrium in utero.

Keywords: Abnormal Uterine Bleeding, Historical Views of Menstruation, Female Genital Tract Pathology, Bleeding Disorders (Thrombophilia), Pharmacological Treatment, Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures

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Citation

Citation: K Siva Achanna and Jaydeep Nanda. “Abnormal Uterine Bleeding”. Acta Scientific Women's Health 3.8 (2021): 77-87.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2021 K Siva Achanna and Jaydeep Nanda. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.