Ankur Banik*, Priya Darshini and Samritha Gangatharan

Department of Optometry, Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Bangalore, India

*Corresponding Author: Ankur Banik, Department of Optometry, Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Bangalore, India.

Received: April 23, 2025; Published: April 29, 2025

Abstract

Purpose:The study aimed to compare the amplitude of accommodation measured using subjective and objective techniques among students at a private Indian institute. Additionally, the study sought to determine correlation between these techniques.

Design: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted

Methods •Settings: The study was conducted at our institute outpatient department of optometry.
•Study population: 60 undergraduate optometry students aged 19 and 28 years participated. Inclusion criteria included spherical myopia (-0.50 D to -10.00 D), spherical hypermetropia (+0.75 D to +5.00 D), and emmetropia, with astigmatism ≤ 0.75 D.
•Intervention/Observation Procedures: Amplitude of accommodation was measured using three subjective (push-up, pull-away, and minus lens) and two objective (dynamic retinoscopy and Pascal heterodynamic retinoscopy) techniques.
•Main Outcome Measures: Mean amplitude of accommodation values across different techniques and refractive groups, along with correlations between subjective and objective techniques.

Results: Subjective methods yielded higher amplitude of accommodation values than objective techniques across all refractive groups (p < 0.001). The push-up technique reported the highest values, followed by pull-away, minus lens, dynamic retinoscopy, and pascal heterodynamic retinoscopy. Myopes exhibited the highest amplitude of accommodation values, followed by emmetropes and hypermetropes. A strong positive correlation was observed between dynamic retinoscopy and Pascal heterodynamic retinoscopy (r = 0.996, p < 0.001).

Conclusions: Subjective amplitude of accommodation measurement techniques tends to overestimate values compared to objective techniques. A very strong positive correlation was observed between dynamic retinoscopy and pascal heterodynamic retinoscopy.

Keywords: Amplitude of Accommodation; Subjective Technique; Objective Technique; Myopia; Hypermetropia; Emmetropia

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Citation

Citation: Ankur Banik., et al. “Comparison of Subjective and Objective Techniques to Evaluate Amplitude of Accommodation Among Indian Undergraduate Students".Acta Scientific Ophthalmology 8.5 (2025): 29-34.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2025 Ankur Banik., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.