Devanshi M Dalal¹* and Aloe Gupta²

¹Assistant Professor, Department of Optometry, Bapubhai Desaibhai Patel Institute of Paramedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Nadiad, Gujarat, India
²Sr. Lecturer, Nagar School of Optometry, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India

*Corresponding Author: Devanshi M Dalal, Assistant Professor, Department of Optometry, Bapubhai Desaibhai Patel Institute of Paramedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Nadiad, Gujarat, India.

Received: July 02, 2024; Published: July 21, 2024

Abstract

Objectives: The study aimed to compare the effect of repeated testing of vergence facility, with the objective to find out the difference after repeated testing in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects.

Method: 60 subjects of 11 to 30 years were included in the study & divided into symptomatic and asymptomatic groups according to Convergence insufficiency symptom survey questionnaire (CISS) and Vision Quality scale questionnaire survey (VQS). Refraction and tests for nonstrabismic binocular vision evaluation were done. The vergence facility was measured with the help of 12 Δ BO and 3 Δ BI and three repeated measures were taken, T-test and ANOVA test were done to compare the difference between groups. p‹5x10-2 were considered significant.

Results: Three repeated vergence facility measurements were found 9.317, 10.117 and 10.883 in the symptomatic group with p value 3.22x10-1. In the asymptomatic group, mean vergence facility repeated were found 13.983, 15.083 and 15.850 with p value 4x10-2.

Conclusion: There was no difference found, statistically or clinically on repetition of vergence facility in symptomatic as well as asymptomatic subjects.

Keywords: Vergence Facility; Binocular Vision; Non Strabismic Evaluation

References

1. Von Noodern GK. “Binocular vision and ocular motility”. sixth edition, 86-88.
2. Hussaindeen JR. “Prevalence of non-strabismic anomalies of binocular vision in Tamil Nadu: report 2 of BAND study”. Clinical and Experimental Optometry (2016).
3. Hussaindeen JR. “The minimum test battery to screen for binocular vision anomalies: report 3 of the BAND study”. Clinical and Experimental Optometry (2017).
4. Schiemen M and Wick B. “Clinical management of Binocular Vision”. Second edition, 3-53.
5. Elliott D B. “Clinical procedures in optometry”. Third edition, 151-211.
6. Grisham D. “The dynamics of fusional vergence eye movements in binocular dysfunction”. American Journal of Optometry and Physiological Optics 57 (1980): 645-655.
7. Gall R. “Vergence facility: Establishing Clinical Utility”. Optometry and Vision Science 75 (1988): 731-742.
8. Gall R. “Vergence Facility and Target Type”. Optometry and Vision Science 75 (1998): 727-730.
9. Gall R and Wick B. “The symptomatic patients with normal phorias at distance and near: What tests detect binocular vision problem?”. Optometry 74 (2003): 309-322.
10. Esa AH. “Accommodation and vergence facility of different level visual complaint and refractive error groups”. Thesis (Degree); Universiti Teknologi MARA, (2016).
11. Melville AC. “Is there a relationship between prism fusion range and vergence facility?”. British Orthoptic Journal 59 (2002): 38-44.
12. Hoy- Sun Shin. “Relationship between vergence facility and fusional vergence”. Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society 14 (2009): 37-42.
13. Poffa R. “The influence of vergence facility on binocular eye movements during reading”. Journal of Eye Movement Research 12 (2019): 9.
14. Wolbert J. “Correlation of Visual Symptoms with Near Vergence Range and Near Vergence Facility Measurements”. Google scholar, March 14 (2004).
15. Pellizzer S. “Assessment of vergence facility in a sample of older adults with presbyopia”. Optometry and Vision Science, American academy of optometry 75 (1998): 817-21.
16. Momeni-Moghaddam H. “Vergence facility with stereoscopic and nonstereoscopic targets”. Optometry and Vision Science 91 (2014): 522-527.
17. McDaniel C. “Vergence adaptation in clinical vergence testing”. Optometry 81 (2010): 469-475.
18. Borsting E., et al. “Prospective comparison of convergence insufficiency and normal binocular children on CIRS symptom surveys, Convergence Insufficiency and Reading Study (CIRS) group”. Optometry and Vision Science 76 (1999): 221-228.
19. Rouse MW., et al. “Validity and reliability of the revised convergence insufficiency symptom survey in adults”. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 24 (2004): 384–390.
20. Scheimen M. “Near point of convergence: Test procedure, Target selection and normative data”. Optometry and Vision Science 80 (2003): 214-225.

Citation

Citation: Devanshi M Dalal and Aloe Gupta. “Repeated Testing of Vergence Facility and its Effect". Acta Scientific Ophthalmology 7.8 (2024): 31-36.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2024 Devanshi M Dalal and Aloe Gupta. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.