Acta Scientific Ophthalmology (ISSN: 2582-3191)

Research Article Volume 5 Issue 12

Normal Tension Glaucoma (NTG) - A Probationers Perspective

Bhardwaj Kumar Gaurav*, Mondal Animesh, Aggarwal Surbhi and Karmakar Sourav

Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Amity University, Haryana, India

*Corresponding Author: Bhardwaj Kumar Gaurav, Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Amity University, Haryana, India.

Received: October 15, 2022; Published: November 23, 2022

Abstract

Normal Tension Glaucoma (NTG) is a common type of glaucoma in which the intraocular pressure (IOP) remains normal despite glaucomatous alterations in the optic nerve, optic disc, and visual field loss, and in which age and ethnicity are important factors in diagnosis. The search was conducted using a variety of online database platforms, with recent authentic articles being considered. The goal of this study is to outline every possible aspect of NTG, including pathophysiology, risk factors that contribute to illness progression, research techniques, and differential diagnosis that aids in early detection and treatment. Systemic vascular anomalies that reach the microvascular level at the location where the optic nerve departs for the visual centers in the brain are the most common cause and contributing factors. Because there are various non-glaucomatous neuropathies that can mimic NTG, a physical examination of the optic disc and its morphology is important in order to rule out NTG in terms of clinical inquiry. Treatment and management, such as preventive IOP lowering therapy, visual field testing, and diurnal variation modulation, can halt disease progression in NTG even at an early stage.

Keywords: Normal Tension Glaucoma; Intraocular Pressure; Primary Open Angle Glaucoma; Optic Disc

References

  1. Mallick J., et al. “Update on normal tension glaucoma”. Journal of Ophthalmic and Vision Research (2016): 204-208.
  2. Javitt JC., et al. “Acquired Pits of the Optic Nerve: Increased proportion in Patients with Low-tension Glaucoma”. Ophthalmology8(1990): 1038-1044.
  3. Willekens K., et al. “Funduscopic versus HRT III Confocal Scanner Vertical Cup-Disc Ratio Assessment in Normal Tension and Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (The Leuven Eye Study)”. Ophthalmic Research2 (2017): 100-106.
  4. Fan ., et al. “Is “normal tension glaucoma” glaucoma?” Medical Hypotheses (2019): 133.
  5. Siaudvytyte L., et al. “The difference in translaminar pressure gradient and neuroretinal rim area in glaucoma and healthy subjects”. Journal of Ophthalmology (2014).
  6. Chen M., et al. “The role of corneal hysteresis during the evaluation of patients with possible normal-tension glaucoma”. Clinical Ophthalmology 12(2018): 555-559.
  7. Dias DT., et al. “Neurophthalmological conditions mimicking glaucomatous optic neuropathy: Analysis of the most common causes of misdiagnosis”. BMC Ophthalmology1(2017).
  8. Quist TS., et al. “Long-Term Follow-up of Normal Tension Glaucoma Patients With TBK1 Gene Mutations in One Large Pedigree”. American Journal of Ophthalmology 214(2020): 52-62.
  9. Almazroa A., et al. “Optic Disc and Optic Cup Segmentation Methodologies for Glaucoma Image Detection: A Survey”. Journal of Ophthalmology (2015).
  10. Lešták J., et al. “Normal tension vs high tension glaucoma: An overview, Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie”. Czech Medical Association J.E. Purkyne (2019): 55-59.
  11. “Natural History of Normal-Tension Glaucoma Collaborative Normal-Tension Glaucoma Study Group”. (2001).
  12. Chen MJ. “Normal tension glaucoma in Asia: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management”. Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology (2020): 250-254.
  13. Kim KE and Park KH. “Update on the proportion, etiology, diagnosis, and monitoring of normal-tension glaucoma”. Asia-Pacific Academy of Ophthalmology (2016): 23-31.
  14. George A., et al. “Normal tension glaucoma: proportion, etiology and treatment”. Journal of Clinical Research and Ophthalmology (2021): 023-28.
  15. Hamarat Y., et al. “Can the treatment of normal-pressure hydrocephalus induce normal-tension glaucoma? A narrative review of a current knowledge”. Medicina (2021): 1-10.
  16. Lee JWY., et al. “Latest developments in normal-pressure glaucoma: Diagnosis, epidemiology, genetics, etiology, causes and mechanisms to management”. Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology (2019): 457-468.
  17. Cho H kyung and Kee C. “Population-based glaucoma proportion studies in Asians”. Survey of Ophthalmology4(2014): 434-447.
  18. Kwon YH., et al. “Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma”. New England Journal of Medicine11(2009): 1113-1124.
  19. Samaha D. “Normal-tension glaucoma: managing a case of mistaken identity”. Clinical and Experimental Optometry5(2019): 523-527.
  20. Ozturker ZK., et al. “Optic disc hemorrhages in glaucoma and common clinical features”. Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology6(2017): 583-591.
  21. Dias DT., et al. “Eyes with suspicious appearance of the optic disc and normal intraocular pressure: Using clinical and epidemiological characteristics to differentiate those with and without glaucoma”. PLoS ONE7(2016).
  22. Fan N., et al. “Ocular Blood Flow and Normal Tension Glaucoma”. BioMed Research International (2015).
  23. Killer HE and Pircher A. “Normal tension glaucoma: Review of current understanding and mechanisms of the pathogenesis”. Eye (2018): 924-930.
  24. Sung MS., et al. “Optic Disc Rotation as a Clue for Predicting Visual Field Progression in Myopic Normal-Tension Glaucoma”. Ophthalmology 7(2016): 1484-1493.
  25. Kuo DS and Asrani S. “Normal-Tension Glaucoma Masqueraders: Detection Using Optical Coherence Tomography”. Journal of Glaucoma4(2017): e153-156.
  26. Park HYL., et al. “Predicting the development of normal tension glaucoma and related risk factors in normal tension glaucoma suspects”. Scientific Reports1(2021).
  27. Kwun Y., et al. “Optic Disc Characteristics and Visual Field Progression in Normal Tension Glaucoma Patients with Tilted Optic Discs”. Journal of Glaucoma11(2016): 901-907.
  28. Lan YW., et al. “Different Disc Characteristics Associated with High Myopia and the Location of Glaucomatous Damage in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Normal-Tension Glaucoma”. Journal of Glaucoma6(2019): 519-528.
  29. Park HYL., et al. “Torsion of the optic nerve head is a prominent feature of normal-tension glaucoma”. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science1(2015): 156-163.
  30. Baek SU., et al. “Risk factors for disease progression in low-teens normal-tension glaucoma”. British Journal of Ophthalmology 1(2020): 81-86.
  31. Muthu Krishnan V., et al. “Ocular and Systemic Risk Factors and Correlation with Glaucomatous Damage in Normal Tension Glaucoma”. Cureus5(2018).
  32. Helmy H., et al. “Corneal biomechanics in asymmetrical normal-tension glaucoma”. Clinical Ophthalmology 10(2016): 503-510.
  33. Kostanyan T., et al. “Glaucoma structural and functional progression in American and Korean cohorts”. Ophthalmology (2016): 783-788.
  34. Coman L., et al. “Correlation between corneal thickness and optic disc morphology in normal tension glaucoma using modern technical analysis”. Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology3(2014): 857-862.
  35. Souto FMS., et al. “Differentiating Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy from Normal-Tension Glaucoma”. Neuro-Ophthalmology2(2017): 99-102.
  36. Kim GN., et al. “Comparison of lamina cribrosa morphology in normal tension glaucoma and autosomal-dominant optic atrophy”. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science5(2020).
  37. Song BJ and Caprioli J. “New directions in the treatment of normal tension glaucoma”. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology (2014): 529-537.
  38. Han JC., et al. “Clinical Course and Risk Factors for Visual Field Progression in Normal-Tension Glaucoma With Myopia Without Glaucoma Medications”. American Journal of Ophthalmology 209(2020): 77-87.
  39. Choy YJ., et al. “Comparison of visual field progression between temporally tilted disc and nontilted disc, in patients with normal tension glaucoma”. Eye (2015):  1308-1314.
  40. Hopf S., et al. “Impact of intraocular pressure fluctuations on progression of normal tension glaucoma”. International Journal of Ophthalmology10(2021): 1553-1559.

Citation

Citation: Bhardwaj Kumar Gaurav., et al. “Normal Tension Glaucoma (NTG) - A Probationers Perspective".Acta Scientific Ophthalmology 5.12 (2022): 25-30.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Bhardwaj Kumar Gaurav., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.




Metrics

Acceptance rate35%
Acceptance to publication20-30 days
ISI- IF1.042
JCR- IF0.24

Indexed In




News and Events


  • Certification for Review
    Acta Scientific certifies the Editors/reviewers for their review done towards the assigned articles of the respective journals.
  • Submission Timeline for Upcoming Issue
    The last date for submission of articles for regular Issues is November 25, 2024.
  • Publication Certificate
    Authors will be issued a "Publication Certificate" as a mark of appreciation for publishing their work.
  • Best Article of the Issue
    The Editors will elect one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of this article will be provided with a certificate of "Best Article of the Issue"
  • Welcoming Article Submission
    Acta Scientific delightfully welcomes active researchers for submission of articles towards the upcoming issue of respective journals.

Contact US