Acta Scientific Ophthalmology (ISSN: 2582-3191)

Short Communication Volume 4 Issue 12

Pachychoroid: A Phenotype Not Yet Understood

Manoj Soman*

Head, Vitreoretinal Services, Chaithanya Eye Hospital and Research Institute, Trivandrum, India

*Corresponding Author: Manoj Soman, Head, Vitreoretinal Services, Chaithanya Eye Hospital and Research Institute, Trivandrum, India.

Received: September 23, 2021 ; Published: November 09, 2021

The term “pachychoroid” is a familiar term in retinal parlance and describes a unique disease phenotype characterized by functional and structural changes in the choroid. This phenotype is thought to play a key role in the pathogenesis of a spectrum of related retinal disorders, referred to as the “pachychoroid spectrum” [1]. The Pachychoroid spectrum predominantly include four disease conditions sharing common features - pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy (PPE), central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR), pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV), and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). These spectrums of diseases represent a distinct entity that has to be differentiated from typical age-related macular degeneration and other inflammatory and infilterative entities with thickened choroids. The common characteristics of this spectrum include the presence of pachyvessels represented by the dilated Hallers layer of the choroid, with overlying attenuation of the sattlers layer and choriocapillaris with or without increased thickness of the choroid [1]. The location and the overlying retinal manifestations may differ according to the clinical type of presentation.

References

  1. Cheung CMG., et al. “Pachychoroid disease”. Eye (Lond)1 (2019): 14-33.
  2. Yan YN., et al. “Fundus tessellation: prevalence and associated factors: the Beijing Eye Study 2011”. Ophthalmology9 (2015): 1873-1880.
  3. Ersoz MG., et al. “Indocyanine green angiography of pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy”. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa) 9 (2018): 1668-1674.
  4. Kitaya N., et al. “Features of abnormal choroidal circulation in central serous chorioretinopathy”. British Journal of Ophthalmology6 (2013): 709-712.
  5. Hata M., et al. “Early changes in foveal thickness in eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy”. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa) 2 (2013): 296-301.
  6. Pichi F., et al. “Choroidal biomarkers”. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology12 (2018): 1716-26.
  7. Bhayana AA., et al. “Choroidal thickness in normal Indian eyes using swept-source optical coherence tomography”. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology2 (2019): 252-255.
  8. Dansingani KK., et al. “EN Face Imaging of Pachychoroid Spectrum Disorders with Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography”. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa) 3 (2016): 499-516.
  9. Lee WK., et al. “Choroidal morphology in eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and normal or subnormal subfoveal choroidal thickness”. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa) 36 (2016): S73-82.
  10. Agrawal R., et al. “Choroidal vascularity index as a measure of vascular status of the choroid: Measurements in healthy eyes from a population-based study”. Scientific Report 6 (2016).
  11. Ersoz MG., et al. “Outer nuclear layer thinning in pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy”. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa) 5 (2018): 957-961.
  12. Warrow DJ., et al. “Pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy”. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa) 8 (2013): 1659-1672.
  13. Pang CE and Freund KB. “Pachychoroid neovasculopathy”. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa) 1 (2015): 1-9.
  14. Dansingani KK., et al. “Understanding aneurysmal type 1 neovascularization (polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy): a lesson in the taxonomy of "expanded spectra" - a review”. Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 2 (2018): 189-200.
  15. Nicholson B., et al. “Central serous chorioretinopathy: update on pathophysiology and treatment”. Survey of Ophthalmology2 (2013): 103-126.
  16. Chen S-N., et al. “Subthreshold diode micropulse photocoagulation for the treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy with juxtafoveal leakage”. Ophthalmology12 (2008): 2229-2234.
  17. Ma J., et al. “System review and meta-analysis on photodynamic therapy in central serous chorioretinopathy”. Acta Ophthalmology8 (2014): e594-601.
  18. Cho HJ., et al. “Intravitreal Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Treatment for Pachychoroid Neovasculopathy”. Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3 (2019): 174-181.
  19. Kumar A., et al. “Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: a comprehensive clinical update”. Ophthalmology and Eye Diseases 11 (2019): 2515841419831152.
  20. Koh AHC., et al. “Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: evidence-based guidelines for clinical diagnosis and treatment”. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa) 4 (2013): 686-716.
  21. Castro-Navarro V., et al. “Pachychoroid: current concepts on clinical features and pathogenesis”. Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 259 (2021): 1385-1400 (2021).
  22. Lim FPM., et al. “Prevalence and clinical correlates of focal choroidal excavation in eyes with age-related macular degeneration, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and central serous chorioretinopathy”. British Journal of Ophthalmology7 (2016): 918-923.
  23. Phasukkijwatana N., et al. “Peripapillary Pachychoroid Syndrome”. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa) 9 (2018): 1652-1667.

Citation

Citation: Manoj Soman. “Pachychoroid: A Phenotype Not Yet Understood".Acta Scientific Ophthalmology 4.12 (2021): 26-29.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2021 Manoj Soman. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.




Metrics

Acceptance rate35%
Acceptance to publication20-30 days
ISI- IF1.042
JCR- IF0.24

Indexed In




News and Events


  • Certification for Review
    Acta Scientific certifies the Editors/reviewers for their review done towards the assigned articles of the respective journals.
  • Submission Timeline for Upcoming Issue
    The last date for submission of articles for regular Issues is December 25, 2024.
  • Publication Certificate
    Authors will be issued a "Publication Certificate" as a mark of appreciation for publishing their work.
  • Best Article of the Issue
    The Editors will elect one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of this article will be provided with a certificate of "Best Article of the Issue"

Contact US