Gowhar Ahmad*

SeniorConsultantOphthalmologist, Florence Hospital and University of Jammu and Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India

*Corresponding Author: Gowhar Ahmad, Senior Consultant Ophthalmologist, Florence Hospital and University of Jammu and Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Received: February 03, 2021; Published: February 27, 2021;

   Glaucoma is one of the commonest ocular condition seen by almost all ophthalmologists.

   It is a kind of visual threatening disorder if not diagnosed or managed in time main problem with glaucoma is whatever vision is lost can't be restored back by any means so whatever vision is left has to be protected either by medical or surgical modalities at present since we are in the era of subspecialities we have glaucoma experts and also lot of research is going on in this field do the prognosis of glaucoma has become reasonably satisfactory we also do glaucoma screening to pick up silent cases by screening people randomly after 40 years and do refraction IOP measurement scleral rigidity and facility of aqueous outflow.

   Long back topical anti glaucoma medicationwas

• Parasympathomimetic like
• Pilocarpine eye drops 1 - 4 percent
• Choline esterase eye drops like
• Physostigmine or Eserine eye drops
• Sympathomimetics likeepinephrine eye drops
• Prodrug of epinephrine propine eyedrops
• Acetazolamide tab or injection 500mg
• Osmotic diuretics
• Mannitol 20 Percent 250 to500 CCS IV drip
• Glycerin
• Isosorbide dinitrate.

   At present anti glaucoma medication used is

• Timolol 0.25 to 0.50 eye drops
• Prostaglandin analogue eye drops
• Dorzolamide eye drops
• Brimopress eye drops
• Brimonidine eye drops.

   Timolol eye drops should not use used in patients of glaucoma who have bronchialasthma or cardiac failure as timolol is likely to precipitate an attack of bronchialasthma or heart failure.

   Long term side effects of prostaglandin analogue:

• Conjunctival hyperemia
• Conjunctival congestion
• Allergic conjunctivitis
• Blepharitis
• Allergic blepharoconjunctivitis
• Dry eye
• Trichomegaly
• Loss of Periorbital fat
• Cystoid macular edema.

   Non incisional management of glaucoma

• Laser iridotomy
• ALT (Argon laser Trabeculoplasty)
• PAN retinal photocoagulation.