Acta Scientific Ophthalmology (ISSN: 2582-3191)

Research Article Volume 4 Issue 2

Comparative Evaluation of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients at a Tertiary Care Centre in Punjab

Premnath Raman1, Mehak Jasuja2 and Anuj Kumar Singal2

1Professor and Head of Department, JSSAHER, JSSMC, Department of Ophthalmology, Mysore, Karnataka, India
2Post Graduate, JSSAHER, JSSMC, Department of Ophthalmology, Mysore, Karnataka, India

*Corresponding Author: Anuj Kumar Singal, Resident, Department of Ophthalmology, JSS Hospital, Mysore, Karnataka, India.

Received: January 02, 2021; Published: January 22, 2021

×

Abstract

Purpose: To compare the prevalence and severity of dry eye in Type 2 diabetics with non-diabetics

Methods: A total of ­­­200 eyes of 200 patients; 100 patients whom were diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes and 100 non-diabetics who presented with ocular discomfort were evaluated over 12 months. Right eye was taken up for the study in all the patients. Dry eye was confirmed by diagnostic tests namely: Schirmer’s test, Tear break up time, Tear meniscus height, Fluorescein staining and Lissamine green staining. Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire was filled. On the basis of symptoms, signs and test results, Dry eye was graded from grade 1 to grade 4 according to the Dry eye workshop dry eye severity grading scheme.

Results: Most patients (82%) above the age of 50 were diabetics. Diabetics presented to the clinic nearly eight years later than non-diabetics (p < 0.0001). Itching (In Non-diabetics) and grittiness (In diabetics) were the most common symptoms (p = 0.04). Schirmer’s test and Tear Break up time was found to be abnormal in more diabetics as compared to non-diabetics. Tear meniscus height was similar in both groups. Diabetics also had much higher grade of dry eye disease (p value = 0.002). Prevalence of dry eye among diabetics was 43 % while in non-diabetics was 30 %.

Conclusion: Patients in diabetic group had higher grade of dry eye as compared to non-diabetic patients. Schirmer’s test value was significantly lower in diabetics than non-diabetics.

Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus (DM); Tears; Xerophthalmia

×

References

  1. Harrison TR. “Diabetes Mellitus”. In Branwald E, Fauci S, Kasper D, Hauser LS, L Longo D, Jameson JL., et al Harrison Principle of Internal Medicine. 15th ed. USA: McGrow-Hill (2001): 2121.
  2. Ghasemi H., et al. “Diabetes as a possible predisposer for blepharitis”. Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology 4 (2008): 485.
  3. World Health Organization. “Diabetes”.
  4. Alves Mde C., et al. “Tear film and ocular surface changes in diabetes mellitus”. Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia6 (2008): 96-103.
  5. Hom M and De Land P. “Self-reported dry eyes and diabetic history”. Optometry11 (2006): 554-558.
  6. Savini G., et al. “The challenge of dry eye diagnosis”. Clinical Ophthalmology1 (2008): 31-55.
  7. Zeev MS., et al. “Diagnosis of dry eye disease and emerging technologies”. Clinical Ophthalmology 8 (2014): 581‐590.
  8. Lemp Michael. “The Definition and Classification of Dry Eye Disease: Report of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye Work Shop”. The Ocular Surface 5 (2017): 75-92.
  9. Gupta SK., et al. “Subclinically dry eyes in urban Delhi: an impact of air pollution?” Ophthalmologica 216 (2002): 368-371.
  10. Sahai A and Malik P. “Dry Eye: Prevalence and attributable risk factors in a hospital based population”. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 53 (2005): 87-91.
  11. Gupta N., et al. “Estimating the prevalence of dry eye among Indian patients attending a tertiary ophthalmology clinic”. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 104 (2010): 247-255.
  12. Basak SK., et al. “Prevalence of Dry Eye Diseases in hospital-based population in West Bengal, Eastern India”. Journal of Indian Medical Association 110 (2012): 789-794.
  13. Manaviat MR., et al. “Prevalence of dry eye syndrome and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients”. BMC Ophthalmology 8 (2008): 10.
  14. Yasir ZH., et al. “Prevalence and Determinants of Dry Eye Disease among 40 Years and Older Population of Riyadh (Except Capital), Saudi Arabia”. Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology 1 (2019): 27‐32.
  15. Beckman KA. “Characterization of dry eye disease in diabetic patients versus nondiabetic patients”. Cornea8 (2014): 851-854.
  16. Seifart U and Strempel I. “Trockenes Auge und Diabetes mellitus [The dry eye and diabetes mellitus]”. Ophthalmologe2 (1994): 235-239.
  17. Yoo TK and Oh E. “Diabetes mellitus is associated with dry eye syndrome: a meta-analysis”. International Ophthalmology11 (2019): 2611-2620.
  18. Fox I. “Sjogren’s syndrome”. Current Opinion in Rheumatology 7 (1995): 409-416.
  19. Downie A W and Newell DJ. “Sensory nerve conduction in patients with diabetes mellitus and control”. Neurology 11 (1961): 876-882.
  20. Peponis V., et al. “Protective role of oral antioxidant supplementation in ocular surface of diabetic patients”. British Journal of Ophthalmology 24 (2001): 1369-1373.
×

Citation

Citation: Anuj Kumar Singal., et al. “Dry Eye Occurrence in Type II Diabetics and Non-diabetics: A Prospective Cohort Study".Acta Scientific Ophthalmology 4.2 (2021): 30-35.




Metrics

Acceptance rate35%
Acceptance to publication20-30 days
ISI- IF1.042
JCR- IF0.24

Indexed In




News and Events


  • Certification for Review
    Acta Scientific certifies the Editors/reviewers for their review done towards the assigned articles of the respective journals.
  • Submission Timeline for Upcoming Issue
    The last date for submission of articles for regular Issues is December 25, 2024.
  • Publication Certificate
    Authors will be issued a "Publication Certificate" as a mark of appreciation for publishing their work.
  • Best Article of the Issue
    The Editors will elect one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of this article will be provided with a certificate of "Best Article of the Issue"

Contact US