Acta Scientific Medical Sciences (ASMS)(ISSN: 2582-0931)

Mini Review Volume 5 Issue 12

Mosquito Repellents: How much Relevant are they?

Sumangala Bhat K* and Aravind G

Dextrose Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru, India

*Corresponding Author: Sumangala Bhat K, Dextrose Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Received: October 19, 2021; Published: November 16, 2021

Abstract

Repellent technology is one of the oldest strategies used for mosquito control. These products have evolved and diversified over the years with value addition on user-friendly front and environmental safety aspects. An overview of the conventional and advanced strategies for mosquito control has been provided and the evolution of mosquito repellent formulations from synthetic chemical compounds to natural products and their application methods from simple coils to functionalized clothes have been discussed. While comparing the extent of relief provided by different control methods, repellents appear to be marginal. Despite this fact, mosquito repellents have carved a persistent and sustainable niche in mosquito control programs as an acceptable option over the centuries. The ready-to-use feature and handy application methods combined with effective formulations have driven the success of these products in the market. In the present context of the emergence of new mosquito-borne diseases and increased mobility of people across the world, mosquito repellents will remain practically relevant till the mosquito menace persists. Among the repellents, the importance and advantages of spatial repellent formations have been analyzed.

Keywords: Herbal; Eco-friendly; Sustainable Mosquito-borne Diseases; Spatial Repellents; Aedes

References

  1. Reiter P. “Climate change and mosquito-borne disease”. Environmental Health Perspectives1 (2001): 141-161.
  2. Gaston KJ and Hudson E. “Regional patterns of diversity and estimates of global insect species richness”. Biodiversity and Conservation 3 (1994): 493-500.
  3. Foley Desmond H., et al. “Insight into global mosquito biogeography from country species records”. Journal of Medical Entomology4 (2007): 554-567.
  4. Lane RP and Crosskey RW. “Medical Insects and Arachnids”. British Museum Edition. Chapman and Hall, London, UK 50 (1993).
  5. Manguin Sylvie and Christophe Boëte. “Global Impact of Mosquito Biodiversity, Human Vector-Borne Diseases and Environmental Change”. in: A. Lopez - Pujol (Edition.) The Importance of Biological Interactions in the Study of Biodiversity (2011): 27-50.
  6. Information (2016).
  7. Sokhna Cheikh M., et al. “The changes in mosquito vector behavior and the emerging resistance to insecticides will challenge the decline of malaria”. Clinical Microbiology and Infection10 (2013): 902-907.
  8. Peterson Chris and Joel Coats. “Insect repellents-past, present and future”. Pesticide Outlook4 (2001): 154-158.
  9. Dethier VG. “Repellents”. Annual Review of Entomology1 (1956): 181-202.
  10. Isman Murray B. "Botanical insecticides, deterrents, and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world”. Annual Review of Entomology 51 (2006): 45-66.
  11. Pitasawat B., et al. “Repellency of aromatic turmeric Curcuma aromatica under laboratory and field conditions”. Journal of Vector Ecology: Journal of The Society for Vector Ecology2 (2003): 234-240.
  12. Patra Aparajita., et al. “Current developments in (Malaria) mosquito protective methods: a review paper”. International Journal of Mosquito Research 1 (2019): 38-45.
  13. Jones RT., et al. “Novel control strategies for mosquito-borne diseases”. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B (2021): 20190802.
  14. McGregor BL and Connelly CR. “A review of the control of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in the continental United States”. Journal of Medical Entomology 1 (2021): 10-25.
  15. Scott-Fiorenzano JM., et al. “Evaluations of dual attractant toxic sugar baits for surveillance and control of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Florida”. Parasites and Vectors 1 (2017): 1-9.
  16. Brelsfoard CL., et al. “Aedes aegypti males as vehicles for insecticide delivery”. Insects8 (2019): 230.
  17. Mains JW., et al. “Localized control of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Miami, FL, via inundative releases of Wolbachia-infected male mosquitoes”. Journal of Medical Entomology5 (2019): 1296-1303.
  18. Snetselaar J., et al. “Development and evaluation of a novel contamination device that targets multiple life-stages of Aedes aegypti”. Parasites and Vectors1 (2014): 1-10.
  19. Blackwell AE., et al. “The repellent and anti-feedant activity of oil of Myrica gale against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and its enhancement by the addition of salicyluric acid”. The Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh Edinburgh 33 (2003): 209-214.
  20. Choochote W., et al. “Repellent activity of selected essential oils against Aedes aegypti”. Fitoterapia 5 (2007): 359-364.
  21. Brown Margaret and Adelaide A Hebert. “Insect repellents: an overview”. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2 (1997): 243-249.
  22. Katz Tracy M., et al. "Insect repellents: historical perspectives and new developments”. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 5 (2008): 865-871.
  23. Fradin MS. “Insect repellents”, in S.E. Wolverton (Edition.), Comprehensive dermatologic drug therapy, Saunders Elsevier, Indianapolis (2007): 785-801.
  24. Kimani EW., et al. “Use of insecticide-treated clothes for personal protection against malaria: a community trial”. Malaria Journal 1 (2006): 1-9.
  25. Schreck CE., et al. “Activity of repellents applied to skin for protection against Amblyomma americanum and Ixodes scapularis ticks (Acari: Ixodidae)”. American Mosquito Control Association 1 (1995): 136-140.
  26. Abramowitz M. “Picaridin a new insect repellent”. Medical Letter 47 (2005): 46-47.
  27. Information J.
  28. Ambati NR., et al. “N, N- dialkyl -morpholin- 4 - carboxamide compounds as insect repelling agents and a process for their preparation”. India, WO Patent App (2012).
  29. Curtis CF., et al. “Natural and synthetic repellents”. in: C.F. Curtis (Edition.), Appropriate Technology in Vector Control, CRC Press, Florida, Chapter 4 (1990).
  30. Hebbalkar DS., et al. “Mosquito repellent activity of oils from Vitex negundo Linn. leaves”. The Indian Journal of Medical Research 95 (1992): 200-203.
  31. Dua VK., et al. “Repellency of Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) flowers against Aedes mosquitoes”. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 3-1 (1996): 406-408.
  32. Vivek Kempraj and Bhat sK. “Ovicidal and larvicidal activities of Cyperus giganteus Vahl and Cyperus rotundus Linn. essential oils against Aedes albopictus (Skuse)”. Natural Product Radiance5 (2008): 420-425.
  33. Varma Jaya and Dubey NK. “Prospectives of botanical and microbial products as pesticides of tomorrow”. Current Science (1999): 172-179.
  34. Hummel Brunner., et al. “Acute, sub lethal, anti feedant, and synergistic effects of monoterpenoid essential oil compounds on the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Lep., Noctuidae)”. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2 (2001): 715-720.
  35. Gillij YG., et al. “Mosquito repellent activity of essential oils of aromatic plants growing in Argentina”. Bioresource Technology 7 (2008): 2507-2515.
  36. Oyedele AO., et al. “Formulation of an effective mosquito-repellent topical product from lemongrass oil”. Phytomedicine3 (2002): 259-262.
  37. Tawatsin A., et al. “Repellency of volatile oils from plants against three mosquito vectors”. Journal of Vector Ecology 26 (2001): 76-82.
  38. Das NG., et al. “Field evaluation of herbal mosquito repellents”. The Journal of Communicable Diseases4 (1999): 241-245.
  39. Khan AA., et al. “Addition of vanillin to mosquito repellents to increase protection time”. Mosquito News 35 (1975): 223-225.
  40. Hsieh Wen-Chuan., et al. “Controlled release properties of chitosan encapsulated volatile citronella oil microcapsules by thermal treatments”. Colloids and Surfaces B: Bio Interfaces 2 (2006): 209-214.
  41. Shukla D., et al. “Effective mosquito repellent from plant-based formulation”. International Journal of Mosquito Research1 (2018): 19-24.
  42. Trongtokit Y., et al. “Comparative repellency of 38 essential oils against mosquito bites”. Phytotherapy Research4 (2005): 303-309.
  43. Bhat S K and Aravind G. "Evolution, Current Status and Prospects of Phyto-Repellents against Mosquitoes”. International Journal of Pharmacology Phytochemistry and Ethnomedicine 8 (2017): 54-73.
  44. Norris Edmund J and Joel R Coats. “Current and Future Repellent Technologies: The Potential of Spatial Repellents and Their Place in Mosquito-Borne Disease Control”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health2 (2017): 124-129.
  45. Abby Stahl. “The Health Effects of Pesticides Used for Mosquito Control”. in: Sarah J. Meyland and Adrienne Esposito (Edition.). A Report By: Citizens Campaign for The Environment and Citizens Environmental Research Institute (2002).
  46. Kohli C., et al. “Usage and Perceived Side Effects of Personal Protective Measures against Mosquitoes among Current Users in Delhi”. Journal of Parasitology Research 2014 (2014): 628090.
  47. Roy DN., et al. “The insect repellents: A silent environmental chemical toxicant to the health”. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 50 (2017): 91-102.

Citation

Citation: Sumangala Bhat K and Aravind G. “Mosquito Repellents: How much Relevant are they?". Acta Scientific Medical Sciences 5.12 (2021): 68-73.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2021 Sumangala Bhat K and Aravind G. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.




Metrics

Acceptance rate30%
Acceptance to publication20-30 days
Impact Factor1.403

Indexed In





Contact US