Abstract

Background: About 45% of under-five children death occurs during the neonatal period globally which accounts 23% neonatal deaths in low-income countries. Birth asphyxia is one of the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality, constituting 34% in Ethiopia. Birth asphyxia occurs in association with maternal, fetal, and maternofetal factors. However, the magnitude and associated factors of birth asphyxia are not well studied in Ethiopia. Therefore, the main objective of this review was to estimate the pooled prevalence of birth asphyxia and its associated factors in Ethiopia.

Methods: The international databases include MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and Grey literature databases, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Cochrane library were scientifically explored. All primary studies reporting the prevalence of birth asphyxia and associated factors in Ethiopia were considered. We retrieved all necessary data by using a standardized data extraction format, spreadsheet. STATA 14 statistical software was used to analyze the data and Cochrane Q test statistics and I² test was used to assess the heterogeneity between the studies and a random effect model was computed.

Results: The pooled estimate prevalence of birth asphyxia from included studies in Ethiopia was 22.50%. Prolonged labour (> 12 hours) [OR = 3.10], meconium stained [OR = 6.80], assisted vaginal delivery (vacuum or Forceps) and C/S delivery [OR = 3.42], gestational age < 37 weeks [OR = 3.72], non-cephalic presentation (OR: 2.43), cord prolapse [OR = 2.95], Premature Rupture of Membrane [OR = 12.27] were predictors variables.

Conclusion: Birth asphyxia in Ethiopia was relatively higher as compared to those reported by other studies done in different countries. Prolonged labor (> 12 hours), meconium-stained, assisted vaginal delivery, gestational age < 37 weeks, non-cephalic presentation, cord prolapse and Premature Rupture of Membrane were associated risk factors variables. Hence, appropriate holistic care of pregnancy, labor and delivery and post-natal care is recommended to prevent those risk factors.

Keywords: Associated Factors; Birth Asphyxia; Ethiopia

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Citation

Citation: Yoseph Merkeb Alamneh., et al. “Birth Asphyxia and its Determinants in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". Acta Scientific Medical Sciences 4.10 (2020): 14-21.

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Copyright: © 2020 Yoseph Merkeb Alamneh., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.