Clinical and Pathological Presentation of Colorectal Cancer Among Young Sudanese Adults in Khartoum State Hospitals (2019-2021)

Nansi Seif Eldin Awad Mohamed and Abubakr Hassan Widatallah*

MBBS, MRCS, MD, Specialist of General Surgery, Oman

*Corresponding Author: Hassan Widatallah, MBBS, MRCS, MD, Specialist of General Surgery, Oman.

Received: March 28, 2024; Published: April 20, 2024

Abstract

Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide and its incidence is reported to be increasing in resource-limited countries, probably due to the acquisition of a western lifestyle.

Objectives: The study aimed to identify the clinical and pathological presentation of colorectal cancer among Sudanese adults aged 50 years and below versus those above 50years of age.

Methods: A prospective and retrospective comparative study of histological confirmed cases of colorectal cancer. Retrospective from June/2019 to Nov/2020 and prospective from Dec/2020-Dec/2021. The study was multicenter conducted within the main three colorectal services units in Khartoum state; Ibrahim malik teaching hospital, Ibn sina hospital and Soba university hospital. Data had been collected by the researcher using administered questionnaire which included all the variables. Either by direct interview or through phone call with the colorectal cancer confirmed patients. Consents were obtained from all patients included in the study. It was cross -sectional collection and age independent. Prospective follow up has been conducted for the new cases that presented during 2020-2021. The cases presented during 2019 had been contacted by the researcher and their data and history of presentation were documented retrospectively. The total numbers of cases were 120 cases. They had been divided in to two groups, group A (50years and below) and group B (>50years).

Results: A total of 120 colorectal cancer patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age of patients at presentation was 51.2 years with standard deviation of 15. (50.8%) 61 cases were belong to age group B (>50years) and (49.2%) 59 cases were belong to group A (50 and below). Male: female ratio in group A was (1.5:1)and in group B was (1.3:1). A significant number 65 (54.3%) presented with rectal cancer, 35 (60%) of younger adult and 30 (54.2%) of elderly. CRC was most frequently misdiagnosed with dysentery which counted about 25 (42.4%) cases among younger and 17 (27.9%) among elderly. The most dominating presenting symptom among young adults were bleeding per rectum which counted 48 (81.4%), while weight loss was the most common presenting symptom in elderly with a percentage of 48 (78.8%).

The adenocarcinoma was the most common histopathological type 115 (95.8%).Both groups at presentation had advance radiological stage IIIB (29.5%)13, (32.6%)14 in A and B respectively. The commonest Postoperative histopathological TNM stage in group A was IIA (15cases,34.9%).In group B Stage IIIB and IIA (26.5%,13cases) were dominating. One hundred and six (88.3%) patients underwent surgical procedures for colorectal cancer, (84%) 89was curative, (4.7%)5 intention curative and (11.3%)12 palliative. Postoperative complications and morbidity rates were 64.6% and 58.2%for group A and B respectively. One hundred and five out of 120 are alive (96.6%) and available for follow-up at the end of 2 years. Cancer recurrence was reported in 3 cases from group B (2.9%) and metachronouse tumor also was detected in two cases from group B.

Conclusion: In this study we identified that young Sudanese adult has different remarkable presentations. They presented mainly with lower GIT symptoms. Rectal followed by left side CRC was the most common site among young adults, in contrast to older where rectal followed by RT side were dominating. Molecular genetic studies are increasing the understanding of the pathobiology of colorectal cancer and may ultimately allow at-risk patients to be identified at an earlier stage. K

Keywords: Colorectal Cancer; Colonic Cancer; Rectal Cancer; Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer; Lower GIT Symptoms

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Citation

Citation: Nansi Seif Eldin Awad Mohamed and Abubakr Hassan Widatallah. “Clinical and Pathological Presentation of Colorectal Cancer Among Young Sudanese Adults in Khartoum State Hospitals (2019-2021)".Acta Scientific Clinical Case Reports 5.6 (2024): 03-18.

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Copyright: © 2024 Nansi Seif Eldin Awad Mohamed and Abubakr Hassan Widatallah. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.