Poonam and Tejpal Dahiya*

Department of Zoology, CCSHAU, Hisar, India

*Corresponding Author: Amit Anil Shahane, College of Agriculture (CAU, Imphal), Kyrdemkulai, Ri-Bhoi District, Meghalaya, India.

Received: October 09, 2023; Published: December 12, 2023

Abstract

The present study demonstrates that manipulating the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio significantly affects various parameters of common carp growth and also influences the culture system. The composition and nutritive value of the biofloc system can be significantly influenced by the carbon-to-nitrogen (C: N) ratios. Higher C/N ratios generally promote faster nitrogen removal since heterotrophic bacteria regenerate more quickly compared to photoautotrophic microalgae. This may result in increased biofloc production. A C:N ratio of 20:1 was found to be effective in maintaining water quality and the biofloc culture system compared to ratios of 15:1 and 10:1. Furthermore, the 20:1 C:N ratio was beneficial for weight gain and length gain of common carp during different observation periods. Proximate composition and floc volume measurements were also maximized in treatment group T3 compared to T2 and T1. Consequently, treatment T3 was determined to be the optimal C:N ratio for the biofloc system, ensuring better growth conditions and system maintenance.

Keywords: Bacteria; Biofloc; Floc; Growth

References

1. Anand PS., et al. “Effect of dietary supplementation of biofloc on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities in Penaeus monodon”. Aquaculture 418 (2014): 108-115.
2. “In Official Methods of Analysis, 18^th edition”. (Association of Analytical Chemists). Washington (2011).
3. Avnimelech Y. “Carbon/nitrogen ratio as a control element in aquaculture systems”. Aquaculture3-4 (1999): 227-235.
4. Avnimelech Y. “Biofloc Technology-A Practical Guide Book”. Baton Rouge, LA: The World Aquaculture Society (2009):
5. Avnimelech Y. “Biofloc technology - a practical guide book. Edition”. 2^nd Baton Rouge, United States: The World Aquaculture Society (2012).
6. Costa‐Pierce BA., et al. “Responsible use of resources for sustainable aquaculture. In Proceedings of the Global Conference on Aquaculture 2010: Farming the Waters for People and Food. Subasinghe R.P., Arthur J.R., Bartley D.M., De Silva S.S., Halwart M., Hishamunda N., Mohan C.V., Sorgeloos P., (eds). Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation (2012): 113-436.
7. Dash P., et al. “The addition of probiotic bacteria to microbial floc: Water quality, growth, non-specific immune response and disease resistance of Cyprinus carpio in mid-Himalayan altitude”. Aquaculture 495 (2018): 961-969.
8. De Schryver P., et al. “The basics of bio-flocs technology: the added value for aquaculture”. Aquaculture277.3-4 (2008): 125-137.
9. Eaton AD., et al. “APHA AWWA WEF Standard Methods for the examination of Water and Waste Water. 19^th edition, Washington, DC, USA.
10. Ebeling JM., et al. “Engineering analysis of the stoichiometry of photoautotrophic, autotrophic, and heterotrophic removal of ammonia-nitrogen in aquaculture systems”. Aquaculture1-4 (2006): 346-358.
11. Kuhn DD., et al. “Evaluation of two types of bioflocs derived from biological treatment of fish effluent as feed ingredients for Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei”.Aquaculture1-4 (2010): 28-33.
12. Poonam Dahiya T., et al. “Physico-chemical properties of water in biofloc supplemented with probiotics: A review”. Journal of Expeimental Zoology. India 24 (2021): 843-851.
13. Verdegem MC. “Nutrient discharge from aquaculture operations in function of system design and production environment”. Reviews in Aquaculture5.3 (2013): 158-171.
14. Wang G., et al. “Effect of C/N ratio on water quality in zero-water exchange tanks and the biofloc supplementation in feed on the growth performance of crucian carp, Carassius auratus”. Aquaculture443 (2015): 98-104.
15. Wei Y., et al. “The effect of different carbon sources on the nutritional composition, microbial community and structure of bioflocs. Aquaculture 465 (2016): 88-93.
16. Xu WJ and Pan LQ. “Effects of bioflocs on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and body composition of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei in zero-water exchange tanks manipulating C/N ratio in feed”. Aquaculture 356 (2012): 147-152.
17. Zhao P., et al. “The application of bioflocs technology in high-intensive, zero exchange farming systems of Marsupenaeus japonicus”. Aquaculture 354 (2012): 97-106.
18. Zhao S., et al. “Application of machine learning in intelligent fish aquaculture: A review”. Aquaculture 540 (2014):

Citation

Citation: Poonam and Tejpal Dahiya. “Stimulating C: N Ratio in Biofloc culture and their Effect on Floc Formation". Acta Scientific Agriculture 8.1 (2024): 34-38.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2024 Poonam and Tejpal Dahiya. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.