Platovschii Nicolai*

Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection of the Moldova State University, Republic of Moldova

*Corresponding Author: Platovschii Nicolai, Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection of the Moldova State University, Republic of Moldova.

Received: November 02, 2023; Published: November 28, 2023

Abstract

During the period of heading and grain ripening, the characteristics of photosynthesis of the flag leaf and the structure of the yield of wheat plants of the varieties Moldova 5, Missia, and Kuyalnik were studied. The plants were cultivated in 2016-2019 in the experimental field of the Institute of Genetics, Physiology, and Plant Protection of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, on the outskirts of Chisinau. It was shown that the total duration of the phases of grain formation and ripening in an ear of wheat variety Moldova 5 was 26 days, and for the Misiya and Kuyalnik varieties, it was 33 days. At all phases of grain formation in the Moldova 5 e variety, there was a tendency towards the manifestation of lower photosynthetic activity of the flag leaf compared to that detected in the flag leaf of the other two wheat varieties. During three years of cultivation, the estimated wheat grain yield in Moldova 5, Missia, and Kuyalnik varied from 3.76 to 4,20 - 3,82 - 4,30 and 3,80 - 4,25 tons per hectare. The obtained data suggest that based on a comparison of the specifics of the daily dynamics of PS2 activity in the flag leaf of plants being in the same phase of grain development, it is possible to distribute wheat genotypes according to their productivity under given environmental conditions. Because the duration of grain formation and ripening in the ear varies depending on environmental conditions (mainly temperature and humidity), to correctly determine the potential productivity of the genotype, testing of the wheat varieties should be carried out in different climatic zones.

Keywords: Hexaploidy Wheat; Varieties; Flag Leaf; Photosystem Two; Heading Phases; Productivity

References

1. Adamen FF and Demchuk AV. “Photosynthetic activity of the barley of various biological groups depending on sowing terms and seeding rate”. Agrarian Science 1 (2019): 57-60.
2. Ageeva EV., et al. “Lodging in wheat: genetic and environmental factors and ways of overcoming”. Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding4 (2020): 356-362.
3. Alan GC and David HS. “Practical statistics and experimental design for plant and crop science”. JOHN WILEY and SONS LTD (2001): 332.
4. Altenbach SB., et al. “Temperature, water, and fertilizer influence the timing of key events during grain development in a US spring wheat”. Journal of Cereal Science 1 (2003): 9-20.
5. Ashaeva OV and Shakhalov VN. “Photosynthetic activity of spring durum wheat crops in the conditions of the Nizhny Novgorod region”. Bulletin of Agro-Industrial Complex of the Upper Volga Region27 (2014): 25-30.
6. Barnabás B., et al. “The effect of drought and heat stress on reproductive processes in cereals”. Plant, Cell and Environment 1 (2008): 11-38.
7. Begishev AN. “The work of leaves of various agricultural plants in the field”. Tr. Institute of Plant Physiology named after. K.A. Timiryazev Academy of Sciences of the USSR. T 8.1 (1983): 229-263
8. Besaliev IN. “Leaf area of spring durum wheat in the Orenburg Cis-Urals in connection with cultivation technology”. Bulletin of the Orenburg Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 1 (2016): 1-9.
9. Blackmon GE., et al. “Physiological and ecological studies in the analysis of plant environmental effect of light intensity on the net assimilation rate, leaf area ratio and relative growth rate of different species”. Annals of Botany59. (2020): 29-38.
10. Borill P., et al. “Wheat Grain Filling is Limited by Grain Filling Capacity Rather than the Duration of Flag leat photosynthesis” A Case Study using NAM RNAi plants”. PLoS ONE 8 (2015):
11. Caspy I and Nelson N. “Structure of the plant photosystem”. Biochemical Society Transactions 2 (2018):285-294.
12. Chikov VI. “Evolution of ideas about the connection between photosynthesis and plant productivity” 55.1 (2008): 140-154.
13. Chojecki AJS., et al. “Cell production and DNA accumulation in the wheat endosperm, and their association with grain weight”. Annales Botanici Fennici 6 (1986): 809-817.
14. Dalnichuk PV. “Physiological and biochemical features of the development of above-ground mass and roots in connection with the productivity of winter wheat when grown in the south of Ukraine” Questions of genetics, selection and seed production: collection”. Scientific Mon. – Odessa 10 (1973): 152-171.
15. Duncan WG and Hasketh JD. “Net photosynthesis rates, relative leaf growth rates and leaf numbers of 22 cases of maize grown at eight temperatures”. Crop Science 8 (1968): 670-674.
16. Dupont FM and Altenbach SB “Molecular and biochemical impacts of environmental factors on wheat grain development and protein synthesis”. Journal of Cereal Science 2 (2003): 133-146.
17. Fadeeva ID., et al. “Source material for breeding winter bread wheat in the north of the Middle Volga region”. Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding4 (2020): 71-82.
18. Fedin MA. “Methodology for state variety testing of agricultural crops. Second edition. Grain, cereal, legume crops, corn and feed crops”. Edited by M. A. Fedin. - Moscow (1989): 194.
19. Gaze VL., et al. “The role of the upper leaves in the formation of yield and elements of its structure of varieties and lines of intensive winter soft wheat”. Grain Farming in Russia69 (2020): 16-20.
20. Goleva GG., et al. “Flag leaves’ role in the formation of plant productivity of winter soft wheat (triticum aestivum l.) Vestnik of Voronezh State Agrarian University 2.49 (2016): 2-31.
21. Gromova SN and Kostylev PI. “The role of the flag leaf and awns in the formation of winter wheat productivity (review)”. Grain Farming in Russia58 (2018): 32-33.
22. Ionova EV., et al. “Photosynthetic activity and dynamics of dry mass accumulation of winter soft wheat plants depending on growing conditions”. Grain Farming in Russia67 (2020): 23-27.
23. Jaksomsak P., et al. “Responses of grain zinc and nitrogen concentration to nitrogen fertilizer application in rice varieties with high-yielding low-grain zinc and low-yielding high grain zinc concentration”. Plant and Soil 411 (2017): 101-109.
24. Katan P and Parmakli D. “Instability of agricultural production in areas of unsustainable agriculture”. Vector European Numărul 1 (2019): 80-84.
25. Konovalov YuB and Shaimardyanov NA. “Reaction to spike pinching as an indicator of drought resistance of spring wheat varieties”. News of TSHA 3 (2004).
26. Kravchenko NS., et al. “Kachestvo zerna i zasuhoustojchivost’ sortov ozimoj myagkoj pshenicy”. Zernovoe hozyajstvo Rossii55 (2018): 52-56.
27. Lukyanyuk VI. “Formation of winter wheat grain yield depending on the agricultural background and seeding rates” Dokl. Moscow agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev 192 (1973): 5-10.
28. Lyfenko SF. “Variety differences of winter wheat in terms of leaf area and their connection with elements of productivity” Reproductive process and yield of field crops: collection”. Scientific Mon. - Odessa (1981): 7-18.
29. Maimistov VV. “Problems of breeding winter wheat for drought resistance” Breeding winter wheat: collection. Reports on scientific-practical. conf. “The scientific heritage of Academician I.G. Kalinenko." - Zernograd (2001): 145-155.
30. Makarov AA and Mamsirov NI. “Influence of previous crops on the productivity of winter wheat varieties”. New Technologies2 (2021): 84-92.
31. Mitrofanov BA. “The role of leaves, stems and ears of winter wheat in crop photosynthesis. Ways to increase the intensity and productivity of photosynthesis”. - Kyiv: Naukova Dumka (1969):
32. Mnatsakanyan AA. “Productivity and biometric parameters of winter wheat depending on application of a silicon-based product”. Soil Fertility115 (2020): 44-47
33. Nekrasov EI and Ionova EV. “Water-holding capacity of winter soft wheat varieties under different growing conditions”. Tauride Bulletin of Agrarian Science 23 (2020): 122-129
34. Nekrasov EI and Ionova EV. “Results of studying changes in the weight of 1000 grains of winter soft wheat varieties under the conditions of a provocative background “drought”. Grain Farming of Russia57 (2018): 52-55.
35. Parmakli Dmitrii “Some scientific-methodological aspects of agricultural production efficiency”. Buletinul ştiinţific al Universităţii de Stat”Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu” din Cahul, Seria”Științe economice”Numărul6 (2011): 18-27.
36. Parmakli D., et al. “Comparative analysis of the state of crop production in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Moldova”. Vector European Numărul 2 (2019): 114-121.
37. Podlesnyh NV. “Photosynthetic activity of crops of different types of winter wheat in the forest-steppe conditions of the central black earth region”. Bulletin of Voronezh State Agrarian University 49 (2016): 19-30.
38. Polimbetova FA. “The influence of individual organs on the filling of wheat grains”. Materials on the physiology and biochemistry of plants. - Alma-Ata (1963): 51-63.
39. Poltoretskyi S., et al. “Growth and productivity of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) depending on the sowing parameters”. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology2 (2020): 81-87.
40. Saksanova NA., et al. “Grain load and productivity of leaves of some varieties of wheat”. Reports of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan 9 (2013): 740-744
41. Sheshegova TK., et al. “Sources of complex resistance of spring soft wheat from the collection of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Industry (VIR)” Vestnik of Voronezh State Agrarian University 16.2.77 (2023): 49-58.
42. Sochalova LP and Piskarev VV. “Ustojchivost’ obraztsov myagkoj pshenitsy k Blumeria graminis i Puccinia recondita s izvestnymi genami ustojchivosti”.Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK”. Achievement of Science and Technology in Agro-Industrial Complex 1 (2019): 34-42.
43. Toigildin AL., et al. “The photosynthetic potential and productivity of grain legume crops in the foreststeppe zone of the middle volga region”. International Research Journal Reviewers Community127 (2023): 1-6.
44. Vorobiev VA. “Leaf surface area and grain yield of spring wheat in the conditions of the Sverdlovsk region” Reports of the All-Union seminar “Physiological and biochemical processes that determine the size and quality of the harvest of wheat and other cereal grains”. Kazan: Kazan University Publishing House (1972): 28-29.
45. Zhu XG., et al. “Improving photosynthetic efficiency for greater yield”. Annual Review of Plant Biology 61 (2010): 235-261.
46. World grain market: main producers and consumers. RIA News information”. Valery Titievsky (2016).
47. https://www.fao.org/faostat/ru/#data/QV
48. https://www.fao.org/faostat/ru/#data/QCL
49. http://stats.oecd.org/
50. https://www.ipcc.ch/documentation/

Citation

Citation: Platovschii Nicolai. “The Role of the Flag Leaf in the Formation of the Yield of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plants ". Acta Scientific Agriculture 7.12 (2023): 49-55.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2023 Platovschii Nicolai. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.