Application of RP-HPLC Method for the Analysis of Some Pesticide Residues in Water Samples
Lenche Velkoska-Markovska1*, Biljana Petanovska-Ilievska1 and
Aleksandar Markovski2
1Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food - Skopje, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
2Institute of Agriculture - Skopje, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
*Corresponding Author: Lenche Velkoska-Markovska, Faculty of Agricultural
Sciences and Food - Skopje, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Republic
of North Macedonia.
Received:
September 16, 2022; Published: December 22, 2022
Abstract
A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for determination of some pesticide residues in different water samples has been developed and validated. The investigated pesticides belong to a different chemical classis, such as: organonitrogen, among which triazines (e.g., atrazinе), organophosphorus (e.g., malathion, fenitrothion, parathion) and phenoxycarboxylic acids (e.g., 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid)), which have different chemical structures and polarities. A Purospher STAR RP-8e (30 x 4 mm, 5 μm) analytical column, mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water, flow rate of 1 mL/min and constant column temperature at 25 °C were used for successful separation and quantitative determination of target analytes. The UV-detection was performed at 220 nm and 270 nm. Concentration and clean-up of analytes were done by solid-phase extraction (SPE). The developed method was validated according to European Commission guidelines for pesticide residue analytical methods and specificity, selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and limit of quantification (LOQ) were tested for that purpose. The obtained values for relative standard deviation of retention times and peak areas (RSD ≤ 11.26%), recoveries ranged from 95.01 - 111.20%, multiple correlation coefficients (R2 ≥ 0.99) revealed that all performance characteristics were found within acceptance criteria. The method was successfully applied for determination of target pesticide residues in different water samples.
Keywords: Method Validation; Pesticide Residues; RP-HPLC; Water Samples
References
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. “International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides” (2002).
- Drevenkar V., et al. “Trace analysis of triazine compounds in water, soil and urine by gas and high-performance liquid chromatography with selective detection”. 7th International Symposium Advances in Analytical Separation Science, Chromatography and Electrophoresis, Book of Abstracts, Slovensko kemijsko društvo, 10-11 (2002).
- Zambonin, et al. “Determination of triazines in soil leachates by solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry”. Journal of Chromatography A 874 (2000): 247-255.
- Directive 2008/105/EC of the European Parliament аnd оf the Council on environmental quality standards in the field of water policy (2008).
- Aaron JJ., et al. “Theoretical and Experimental Approach for the Study of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid Photodegradation: C-O versus C-Cl Bond Dissociation Energies in the Gas Phase and Aqueous Medium”. Croatica Chemica Acta2 (2010): 171-177.
- Fenik J., et al. “Properties and determination of pesticides in fruits and vegetables”. Trendsin Analytical Chemistry6 (2011): 814-826.
- Council Directive 98/83/EC on the quality of water intended for human consumption (1998).
- Mathur HB., et al. “Analysis of pesticide residues in bottled water [Delhi region]”. Centre for Science and Environment, New Delhi (2003).
- Sinha RK., et al. “Analysis of Pesticides in Water Samples”. Central Water Commission, Dept. of Water Resources, RD and GR (2020).
- Tokatli C. “Pesticide residues in water and sediment of Ergene River and Tributaries in Turkey”. Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences1 (2020): 361-370.
- Kuster M., et al. “Analysis of pesticides in water by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric techniques”. Mass Spectrometry Reviews 25 (2006): 900-916.
- Hasanuzzaman M., et al. “Pesticide residues analysis in water samples of Nagarpur and Saturia Upazila, Bangladesh”. Applied Water Science8 (2018): 1-6.
- Parrilla P., et al. “Determination of pesticide residues in water using LLE or SPE and HPLC/DAD Detection”. Environmental Analysis (2006): 1719-1738.
- Liška I. “Pesticides in Water: Sampling, Sample Preparation, Preservation”. Water Research Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia (2006).
- Kapsi M., et al. “Simple analytical methodology based on solid phase extraction for monitoring pesticide residues in natural waters”. MethodsX 7 (2020): 1-8.
- Velkoska-Markovska L., et al. “Determination of pesticide residues in water by liquid chromatography”. XXII International Eco-conference, X Safe Food, Novi Sad, Serbia. Book of proceedings (2018): 75-82.
- Velkoska-Markovska L., et al. “Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for determination of some pesticide residues in water samples”. Contributions, Section of Natural, Mathematical and Biotechnical Sciences 40.2 (2019): 169-180.
- Velkoska Markovska L., et al. “HPLC method for determination of some pesticide residues in water samples”. XXIV International Eco-Conference, XI Safe Food, Novi Sad, Serbia, 23-25th September, Proceedings (2020): 123-131.
- Guidance document on pesticide residue analytical methods, European Commission, Directorate General Health and Consumer Protection 8.1 (2010).
- ChromBook, Your guide to a fascinating world of chromatography, Merck (2011).
- Velkoska-Markovska L., et al. “Determination of some pesticide residues in apple juice by high-performance liquid chromatography”. Journal of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences3 (2019): 30-37.
Citation
Copyright