Molecular Markers in Maize Improvement: A Review

Mamta Gupta¹, Yashmeet Kaur¹, Harish Kumar², Pardeep Kumar¹, Jeetram Choudhary³, Pawan Kumar⁴, Sumit K Aggarwal¹, Suresh Yadav³ and Mukesh Choudhary¹*

¹ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, India
²Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Regional Station, Faridkot, India
³ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
⁴ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, 4ICAR-Central Institute of Arid Horticulture, Bikaner, India

*Corresponding Author: Mukesh Choudhary, ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, India.

Received: June 07, 2022; Published: September 01, 2022

Abstract

Maize is one of the most important cereal crops with diverse adaptation and end-uses. Maize possesses enormous diversity owing to its dynamic genome (repetitive elements). Conventional breeding contributed significantly to maize improvement during the area of the pre-molecular marker, however, has certain limitations. Molecular markers address the limitations of conventional breeding through indirect selection, and growth-stage and environment insensitive nature. Furthermore, molecular markers-based selection is cost-effective and efficient over phenotypic selection. The introduction of molecular markers in maize breeding added new avenues to the maize improvement, especially for complex traits related to quality, agronomic, abiotic, and biotic stresses. Molecular markers contributed essentially to the germplasm characterization, genetic diversity assessment, heterotic grouping, heterosis prediction, construction of highly dense genetic maps, gene mapping and tagging, and marker-assisted and genomic selections. Besides, the molecular markers can also serve as useful criteria for DUS characterization of the new varieties. Furthermore, the markers will also likely be harnessed in the memory stress breeding for abiotic and biotic stresses. Therefore, with the evolving high-throughput sequencing platforms, molecular markers will continue to serve as a boon in the future for maize improvement and hence safeguarding the food and nutritional security globally.

Keywords: Markers; Maize; Diversity; Breeding; QTL

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Citation: Mukesh Choudhary., et al. “Molecular Markers in Maize Improvement: A Review". Acta Scientific Agriculture 6.9 (2022): 55-70.

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Copyright: © 2022 Mukesh Choudhary., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.