Pasupala Pavani¹*, Patel Aditi Devendra Kumar¹ and U Bharath2²

¹Genetics and Plant Breeding, Lovely Professional University, India
²Msc Ag, Lovely Professional University, India

*Corresponding Author: Pasupala Pavani, Genetics and Plant Breeding, Lovely Professional University, India.

Received: April 04, 2022; Published: June 20, 2022

Abstract

Agriculture covers around 38% of the land surface of the earth, it is a major source to greenhouse gas emissions, species extinction, agrochemical contamination, and soil degradation, even though it offers increasing amounts of food and other items. Most of these environmental impacts are caused by agricultural land, which accounts for around 12% of total land cover. It will be difficult to produce more food of 9 to 10 billion people by 2050 while also conserving the ecosystem. Our best chance of overcoming this big challenge and guaranteeing future food and environmental security is to adopt truly sustainable agricultural techniques on a large scale. Worries about commercial agriculture's longevity have sparked interest in alternative agricultural systems such as organic, diversified, and conservation agriculture. Organic farming produces lower yields on average than conventional farming, which constitutes just for 1% of worldwide agricultural production. If majority of the farmers adopt to organic techniques, the observed production differences may widen even more due to increased expertise needs. Organic agriculture's massive adaptation will result in further damage to natural resources as well as higher output prices, making food less accessible for poor customers in developing nations. Organic foods are in growing market because people believe they are healthier, tastier, and more ecologically friendly than conventional items. Organic agriculture has an enormous role to play in the development of appropriate agricultural systems, but no one technique will be able to feed the world safely. Instead, a combination of organic and perhaps other new agricultural practises is required.

Keywords:Organic Farming; Conservation; Conventional; Pesticides

References

1. Morrison AC. “Man in a chemical world; the service of chemical industry”. New York, London: C. Scribner’s Sons Lt (1937): 292.
2. “Fostering economic resilience: the financial benefits of ecological farming in Kenya and Malawi”. Rep Greenpeace, Johannesbg (2015).
3. Probst L., et al. “Will they buy it? The potential for marketing organic vegetables in the food vending sector to strengthen vegetable safety: a choice experiment study in three West African cities”. Food Policy 37 (2012): 296-308.
4. Kl ¨umper W., et al. “Perception of global food security issues in the German public”. Berichte Uber Landwirtschaft 91 (2013): 14.
5. Kniss AR., et al. “Commercial crop yields reveal strengths and weaknesses of organic agriculture in the United States”. PLOS ONE 11 (2016): e0161673.
6. Pimentel D., et al. “Environmental, energetic, and economic comparisons of organic and conventional farming systems”. BioScience 55 (2005): 573-582.
7. Geiger F., et al. “Persistent negative effects of pesticides on biodiversity and biological control potential on European farmland”. Basic and Applied Ecology 11 (2010): 97-105.
8. Kaspercyk N and Knickel K. “In Organic Agriculture: A Global Perspective” (eds Kristiansen, P., Taji, A. and Reganold, J. (2006): 259-294.
9. Crowder DW., et al. “Organic agriculture promotes evenness and natural pest control”. Nature 466 (2010): 109-112.
10. Willer H and Lernoud J. “The World of Organic Agriculture: Statistics and Trends” (2015).
11. Lockeretz W. “In Organic Farming: An International History” (ed. Lockeretz, W.) (2007): 1-8.
12. Kirchmann H and Thorvaldsson G. “Challenging targets for future agriculture”. European Journal of Agronomy 12 (2000): 145-161.
13. Emsley J. “Going one better than nature?” Nature 410 (2001): 633-634.
14. Seufert V., et al. “Comparing the yields of organic and conventional agriculture”. Nature 485 (2012): 229-232.
15. Bachman L., et al. “Food Security and Farmer Empowerment: A Study of the Impacts of Farmer-Led Sustainable Agriculture in the Philippines” (2009).
16. Badgley C., et al. “Organic agriculture and the global food supply”. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 22 (2007): 86-108.
17. Stanhill G. “The comparative productivity of organic agriculture”. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 30 (1990): 1-26.
18. Mondelaers K., et al. “A meta-analysis of the differences in environmental impacts between organic and conventional farming”. British Food Journal 111 (2009): 1098-1119.
19. Parrott N., et al. “In Global Development of Organic Agriculture: Challenges and Prospects” (2006): 153-179.
20. Bachman L., et al. “Food Security and Farmer Empowerment: A Study of the Impacts of Farmer-Led Sustainable Agriculture in the Philippines” (2009).
21. Lynch DH., et al. “Environmental impacts of organic”
22. Mondelaers K., et al. “A meta-analysis of the differences in environmental impacts between organic and conventional farming”. British Food Journal 111 (2009): 1098-1119.
23. Skinner S., et al. “Greenhouse gas fluxes from agricultural soils under organic and non-organic management0 a global meta-analysis”. Science of the Total Environment (2014): 553-563.
24. Lee KS., et al. “Measuring the environmental effects of organic farming: a meta-analysis of structural variables in empirical research”. Journal of Environmental Management 162 (2015): 263-274.
25. Lotter D. “Facing food insecurity in Africa: why, after 30 years of work in organic agriculture, I am promoting the use of synthetic fertilizers and herbicides in small-scale staple crop production”. Agriculture and Human Values 32 (2015): 111-118.
26. Pretty JN., et al. “Farm costs and food miles: an assessment of the full cost of the UK weekly food basket. Food Policy agriculture in temperate regions”. CABI Reviews 7 (2012): 1-17 (2012).
27. Geiger F., et al. “Persistent negative effects of pesticides on biodiversity and biological control potential on European farmland”. Basic and Applied Ecology 11 (2010): 97-105.
28. Kennedy CM., et al. “A global quantitative synthesis of local and landscape effects on wild bee pollinators in agroecosystems”. Ecology Letters 16 (2013): 584-599.
29. Rockström J., et al. “A safe operating space for humanity”. Nature 461 (2009): 472-475.
30. Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. “A Framework for Assessing Effects of the Food System” (2015).
31. International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements. “The IFOAM Norms”. For Organic Production and Processing, Version 2014 (2014).
32. USDA Agricultural Marketing Service National Organic Program Handbook (2015).
33. Seufert V., et al. “Comparing the yields of organic and conventional agriculture”. Nature 485 (2012): 229-232.
34. de Ponti T., et al. “The crop yield gap between organic and conventional agriculture”. Agricultural Systems 108 (2012): 1-9.
35. Ponisio CP., et al. “Diversification practices reduce organic to conventional yield gap”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 282 (2015): 20141396.
36. Forman J., et al. “Organic foods: health and environmental advantages and disadvantages”. Pediatrics 130 (2012): e1406-e1415.
37. Smith-Spangler C., et al. “Are organic foods safer or healthier than conventional alternatives?” Annals of Internal Medicine 157 (2012): 348-366.
38. Brandt K., et al. “Agroecosystem management and nutritional quality of plant foods: the case of organic fruits and vegetables”. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 30 (2011): 177-197.
39. Huber M., et al. “Organic food and impact on human health: assessing the status quo and prospects of research. Wagening”. Journal of Life Sciences 3-4 (2011): 103-109.
40. Baranski M., et al. “Effects of organic food consumption on human health; the jury is still out!”. Food and Nutrition Research 61 (2017): 1287333.
41. Brandt K., et al. “Agroecosystem management and nutritional quality of plant foods: the case of organic fruits and vegetables”. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 30 (2011): 177-197.
42. Smith-Spangler C., et al. “Are organic foods safer or healthier than conventional alternatives? A systematic review”. Annals of Internal Medicine 157 (2012): 348-366.
43. Chiputwa B and Qaim M., et al. “Sustainability standards, gender, and nutrition among smallholder farmers in Uganda”. The Journal of Development Studies 52 (2016): 1241-1257.
44. Jouzi Z., et al. “Organic farming and small-scale farmers: main opportunities and challenges”. Ecological Economics 132 (2017): 144-154.
45. Stolze M and Lampkin N. “Policy for organic farming: rationale and concepts”. Food Policy 34 (2009): 237-244.
46. Willer H and Lernoud J. “The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends. Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick and IFOAM-Organics International, Bonn (2019).
47. Chopra A., et al. “Come sunshine or rain; organic foods always on tract: a futuristic perspective”. International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology Neurological Diseases 3 (2013): 202-205.
48. Bhardwaj M and Dhiman M. “Growth and performance of organic farming in India: what could be the future prospects?” Journal of Current Science 20 (2019): 1-8.
49.  

Citation

Citation: Pasupala Pavani., et al. "Futuristic Agriculture (Organic Farming) in India: A Review". Acta Scientific Agriculture 6.7 (2022): 25-31.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Pasupala Pavani., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.