Root System Response of Selected Rabi Sorghum Genotypes to Varied Soil Moisture Regimes

Gangadasari Sravana Lakshmi¹*, BN Aravind Kumar², NG Hanamaratti¹ and VS Kubsad¹

¹Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Karnataka, India
²Department of Genetics and Plant breeding College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Karnataka, India

*Corresponding Author: Gangadasari Sravana Lakshmi, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Karnataka, India.

Received: May 02, 20222; Published: May 27, 2022

Abstract

Drought is one of the abiotic stresses causing severe yield reduction in most rabi crops. Sorghum is called a camel crop for its tolerance to moisture stress conditions because of the morphophysiological mechanisms against water stress. One such mechanism is the developed and adaptable root system to moisture stress conditions. The root system serves as an interface between plant and soil and is of great significance as its role increases under moisture conditions. Despite all the mechanisms yield reduction under moisture stress is always there. To determine the amount of yield loss and the contribution of the root system modifications in withstanding the stress and yield reduction, a PVC column experiment was conducted in rabi 2019 consisting of five rabi sorghum genotypes (V₁: M 35-1, V₂: SPV2217, V₃: CSV 29R, V₄: CSH 15R and V₅: Basavanapada) under three moisture regimes (M₁: Well-watered conditions, M₂: Moisture stress between 40-60 DAS and M₃: Moisture stress between flowering and dough stage). Significant differences in root system responses were recorded among all the genotypes to the moisture stress at different stages of crop growth. When the moisture stress was imposed between 40 -60 DAS, SPV 2217 was more tolerant to drought at that stage of crop growth followed by M 35-1 with developed root system and modified root characteristics to the drought conditions like high RLD, R:S, SRL whereas Basavanapada was more susceptible to moisture stress at that stage which was the low yielding one among all the genotypes. Similarly when the moisture stress was imposed between the flowering and dough stage (M₃) the performance of the root system of M 35-1 was better compared to other genotypes and CSV 29R was very susceptible to the post-flowering moisture stress. In the rabi sorghum growing areas with pre- flowering moisture stress, SPV 2217 and in the post-flowering moisture stress M 35-1 will be considered as drought tolerant and high yielding genotypes compared to other genotypes.

Keywords: Rabi Sorghum; Genotypes; Moisture Stress; Crop Growth Stages; Root Traits Modification; Drought Tolerance; Yield Response

References

1. Orman-Ligeza B., et al. “post-embryonic root organogenesis in cereals: branching out from model plants”. Trends in Plant Science 18 (2013): 459-467.
2. Varney G and McCully M. “The branch roots of Zea. II. Developmental loss of the apical meristem in field-grown roots”. New Phytology118 (1991): 535-546.
3. Kavar J., et al. “Identification of genes involved in the response of leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris to drought stress”. Molecular Breeding 21 (2008): 159-172.
4. Yang CM., et al. “Rice root growth and nutrient uptake as influenced by organic manure in continuously and alternately flooded paddy soils”. Agricultural Water Management 70 (2004): 67-81.
5. Bazzaz FA., et al. “Reproductive allocation in plants. In: Fenner M, ed., Seeds: The Ecology and Regeneration of plant communities. 2^nd edition”. CAB International, Wallingford, United Kingdom (2000): 1-29.
6. Waines JG and Ehdaie B. “Domestication and crop physicology: Roots of green-revolution wheat”. Annals of Botany 100 (2007): 991-998.
7. Gowda VRP., et al. “Root biology and genetic improvement for drought avoidance in rice”. Field Crops Research 122 (2011): 1-13.
8. Datta A., et al. “Water management in rice production worldwide”. Springer (2017): 255-
9. Tripathi DK., et al. “Silicon as a beneficial element to combat the adverse effect of drought in agricultural crops”. In: Ahmad P, editor. Water stress and crop plants: a sustainable approach. Chichester (UK): Wiley (2018).
10. Kameoka E., et al. “Developmental plasticity of rice root system grown under mild drought stress condition with shallow soil depth; comparison between nodal and lateral roots”. Plant Production Science 19 (2016): 411-
11. Ullah H., et al. “The effects of cultivation methods and water regimes on root systems of drought-tolerant (RD6) and drought-sensitive (RD10) rice varieties of Thailand”. Archieves of Agronomy and Soil Science 63 (2017): 1198-
12. Bu W., et al. “Interspecifific and intraspecifific variation in specifific root length drives above ground biodiversity effects in young experimental forest stands”. Journal of Plant Ecology 10 (2017): 158-
13. Gomez KA and Gomez AA. “Statistical procedure for agricultural research. 2^nd Edition”. Wiley Interscience Publication, New York (1984): 21-29.
14. Thudi M. “Molecular profiling and phenotyping of root and shoot traits in selected rabi sorghum [Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench] genotypes”. M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka (India) (2004).
15. Getnet Z., et al. “Growth, water status, physiological, biochemical and yield response of stay green sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] varieties- a field trial under drought-prone area in Amhara regional state”. Ethiopia Journal of Agronomy 14. 4 (2015): 188-202.
16. Muhammad AA., et al. “Morpho-physiological criteria for drought tolerance in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) at seedling and post-anthesis stages”. International Journal of Agricultural Biology 11 (2009): 1814-9596.
17. Munamava M and Riddoch I. “Response of three sorghum varieties to soil moisture stress at different development stages”. South Africa Journal of Plant and Soil 18 (2001): 75-79.
18. Tsuji W., et al. “Development and distribution of root system in two sorghum cultivars originated from Sudan under drought stress”. Plant Production Science 8. 5 (2005): 553-562.
19. Blum A and Ritchie JT. “Effect of soil surface water content on sorghum root distribution in the soil”. Field Crops Research 8 (1984): 169-176.
20. Liang X., et al. “Root architecture of sorghum genotypes differing in root angles under different water regimes”. Journal of Crop Improvement 31. 1 (2016): 39-55.
21. Saliah AA., et al. “Rooting, water uptake and xylem structure adaptation to drought to two sorghum cultivars”. Crop Science 89 (1999): 168-173.
22. Shinde MS., et al. “Root traits and its correlation with grain yield of rabi sorghum genotypes in Phule root box structure under receding soil moisture condition”. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 6 (2017): 977-981.
23. De Souza., et al. “Corn root morphoanatomy at different development stages and yield under water stress”. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 51. 4 (2016): 330-339.

Citation

Citation: Gangadasari Sravana Lakshmi., et al. “Root System Response of Selected Rabi Sorghum Genotypes to Varied Soil Moisture Regimes". Acta Scientific Agriculture 6.6 (2022): 29-38.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Gangadasari Sravana Lakshmi., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.