A Look at Recent Advances in Nitrogen Fixation Through Common Bean Research

Juliano Garcia Bertoldo¹*, Anelise Beneduzi¹ and Luciane Maria Pereira Passaglia²

¹Department of Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária (DDPA), Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural (SEAPDR), Brazil
²Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Department of Genetics. 9500 Bento Gonçalves Av, Mailbox 15053. Porto Alegre, Brazil.

*Corresponding Author:Juliano Garcia Bertoldo, Department of Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária (DDPA), Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural (SEAPDR), Brazil.

Received: March 15, 2022; Published: March 25, 2022

Abstract

Nowadays, agriculture is in urgent need of technological changes to achieve high productivity with the least possible environmental impact. In this regard, it is crucial to examine natural biological mechanisms, such as biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), as alternatives to nitrogen fertilizers. In the case of BNF, the demand for nitrogen (N) can be fully satisfied through the symbiosis of host plants and N-fixing (or diazotrophic) bacteria. Therefore, one way for this process to be successful is the inoculation and/or co-inoculation of plants with highly efficient diazotrophic bacterial strains, a process considered by several authors as the new green revolution. Thus, plant-breeding programs should focus on increasing plants’ capacity to benefit from BNF, together with enhancing other characteristics of agricultural relevance, thereby resulting in more efficient varieties that require less energy. Increasing BNF in legume plants by inoculating them with rhizobia and bacteria that stimulate plant growth increases N availability in sustainable agricultural production systems. In the case of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), despite many efforts to stimulate the adoption of BNF-related technology by producers, the agronomic efficiency of this process in field experiments is still inconsistent. In this sense, research must focus on obtaining varieties that are more responsive to N and more effective in living symbiotically with diazotrophic bacteria. The aim of this article was to discuss the current agricultural sustainability issues that involve BNF and the efficiency of inoculation and co-inoculation techniques and breeding programs in increasing the efficiency of the culture of common beans.

Keywords:Co-Inoculation; New Green Revolution; Environmental Impact

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Citation

Citation: Juliano Garcia Bertoldo., et al. “A Look at Recent Advances in Nitrogen Fixation Through Common Bean Research". Acta Scientific Agriculture 6.4 (2022): 79-85.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Juliano Garcia Bertoldo., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.