Ramesha YM1*, Manjunatha bhanuvally1 and Krishnamurthy D1
1 Department of Agronomy, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur-584 102, Karnataka ,India.
*Corresponding Author: Ramesha YM, Department of Agronomy, University of Agricultural Sciences, Karnataka, India.
Received: May 20, 2017; Published: June 01, 2017
Citation: Ramesha YM., et al. “Impact of Biovita on Growth, Yield and Economics of Rice”.Acta Scientific Agriculture 1.1 (2017).
An experiment was carried out during Kharif 2013 and 2014 in deep black soil to study the Impact of biovita on growth, yield and economics of rice ( Oryza sativa L) at ARS, Dhadesugr, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka. Pooled data revealed that, panicle length was not significantly influenced by different rate of biovita application. However, Significantly higher grain yield (6491 kg/ha) and straw yield (7787 kg/ha) were recorded in the treatment applied with biovita granule at 12.5 kg within 10 days after transplanting + first spray of biovita liquid at 500 ml at tillering (30 DAP) + second spray of biovita liquid at 750 ml at panicle initiation (60 DAP) + third spray of biovita liquid at 750 ml at grain filling stage (75 DAP) and which was onpar with the application of biovita granule at 10.0 kg within 10 days after transplanting + first spray of biovita liquid at 500 ml at tillering (30 DAP) + second spray of biovita liquid at 750 ml at panicle initiation (60 DAP) + third spray of biovita at 750 ml at grain filling stage (6339 kg/ha and 7586 kg/ha, respectively) and application of biovita granule at 7.5 kg within 10 days after transplanting + first spray of biovita liquid at 500 ml at tillering (30 DAP) + second spray of biovita liquid at 750 ml at panicle initiation (60 DAP) + third spray of biovita liquid at 750 ml at grain filling stage (5913 kg/ha and 7376 kg/ha, respectively). Whereas, application of only recommended dose of fertilizer recorded significantly lower grain yield (5087 kg/ha) and straw yield (6050 kg/ha) compared to other treatments.
India is one of the world’s largest producers of rice, accounting for 20% of all world rice production. Rice is India’s prominent crop, and is the staple food of the people of the Eastern and Southern parts of the country. The country’s rice production declined to 89.13 million tonnes in 2013-14 from 99.18 million tonnes in the previous year due to severe drought that affected almost half of the country. India could achieve a record rice production of 100 million tonnes in 2014-15 on the back of better monsoon this year. The India’s rice production reached to a record high of 104.32 million tonnes in 2013-2014 (Anon., 2014).
Rice is produced by using organic fertilizers are gaining importance because of less chemical residues and better yield. Considering the adverse effects on soil health and environment, besides the residual effect, luxurious usage of inorganic fertilizers is not advisable. Several scientists are advocating the integrated nutrient management with organic and inorganic fertilizers to conserve the soil health and to get good quality produce. Therefore, judicious and proper use of organic and inorganic fertilizers is very essential not only for ob - taining higher yield and quality produce but also to maintain soil health and sustainability for longer period.
Biovita is an extract from a seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum -a marine plant that has been recognized as an excellent natural fertilizer and a rich source of organic matter. The manufacturer of Biovita M/S PI Industries Ltd , claims that the application of Biovita enables plants to receive direct benefits from the naturally balanced nutrients and plant growth substances available in this seaweed extract. It provides over 60 naturally occurring major and minor nutrients and plant development substances comprising of enzymes, proteins, cytokinins, amioacids, vitamins, gibberlins, auxins, betains etc. in organic form. It contributes to greater microbial activity when applied to soil thus increasing nutrient availability. It is an ideal organic product for better growth and productivity. Moreover, it is compatible with insecticides, fungicides, and fertilizers, which can be used in combination, without additional cost of application. It can be applied at all stages of the plant growth from seeding to fruiting. The repeated use of Biovita contributes towards better root system, excellent appear - ance of plants and greater yield potential. It enhances resistance of the plants to pests and diseases and environmental and moisture stress conditions. Keeping in view the above said properties of Biovita, attempts were made in the present investigation to study the impact of Biovita on growth, yield and yield components of rice.
A field experiment was carried out at ARS, Dhadesugur, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka during Kharif 2013 and 2014 in deep black soil of uniform topography and texture with slightly alkaline pH (8.1), low in organic carbon (0.21%) and nitro - gen (160 kg/ha), medium in available phosphorus (26 kg/ha) and high in available potassium (486 kg/ha). The field experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with seven treatments replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of biovita granule and liquid application viz ., T 1 : Biovita granule followed by 2 sprays of biovita liquid (Biovita granule at 7.5 kg within 10 DAP: I spray of biovita liquid at 500 ml at tillering (30 DAP), II spray of biovita liquid at 750 ml at panicle initiation (60 DAP), T 2 : Biovita granule followed by 3 sprays of biovita liquid (Biovita granule at 7.5 kg within 10 DAP: I spray of biovita liquid at 500 ml at tillering (30 DAP), II spray of biovita liquid at 750 ml at panicle initiation (60 DAP), III spray of biovita liquid at 750 ml at grain filling (75 DAP), T 3 : Biovita granule followed by 2 sprays of biovita liquid (Biovita granule at 10 kg within 10 DAP: I spray of biovita liquid at 500 ml at tillering (30 DAP), II spray of biovita liquid at 750 ml at panicle initiation (60 DAP), T 4 : Biovita granule followed by 3 sprays of biovita liquid (Biovita granule at 10 kg within 10 DAP: I spray of biovita liquid at 500 ml at tillering (30 DAP), II spray of biovita liquid at 750 ml at panicle initiation (60 DAP), III spray of biovita liquid at 750 ml at grain filling (75 DAP), T 5 : Biovita granule followed by 2 sprays of biovita liquid (Biovita granule at 12.5 kg within 10 DAP: I spray of biovita liquid at 500 ml at tillering (30 DAP), II spray of biovita liquid at 750 ml at panicle initiation (60 DAP), T 6 : Biovita granule followed by 3 sprays of biovita liquid (Biovita granule at 12.5 kg within 10 DAP: I spray of biovita liquid at 500 ml at tillering (30 DAP), II spray of biovita liquid at 750 ml at panicle initiation (60 DAP), III spray of biovita liquid at 750 ml at grain filling (75 DAP) and T 7 : Control and Recommended dose of fertilizer (150:75:75 kg NPK/ha) is common for all the treatments. The gross plot size for each treatment was 9m x 6m. Rice seedlings were transplanted at a spacing of 20 cm x 15 cm. Biovita granule and liquid applied as per the treatment. The data on the growth and yield parameters were recorded from a sample of five plants taken at randomly at harvest. The cost of inputs that were prevailing at the time of their use was considered for working out the economics of various treatments. Net return per hectare was calculated by deducting the cost of cultivation from gross returns per hectare, gross returns was calculated by using the total income obtained from grain and straw yields and the benefit cost ratio was worked out as follows. Benefit cost ratio = Net returns/Cost of cultivation. All the data were analyzed statistically.
The pooled data on growth parameters of rice as influenced by different rate of biovita application is presented in Table 1. Application of biovita granule at 12.5 kg within 10 days after transplanting + first spray of biovita liquid at 500 ml at tillering (30 DAP) + second spray of biovita liquid at 750 ml at panicle initiation (60 DAP) + third spray of biovita liquid at 750 ml at grain filling stage (75 DAP) recorded significantly taller plants (85.5 cm) and more number of productive tillers per hill (27.3) and which was onpar with the application of biovita granule at 10.0 kg within 10 days after transplanting + first spray of biovita liquid at 500 ml at tillering (30 DAP) + second spray of biovita liquid at 750 ml at panicle initiation (60 DAP) + third spray of biovita at 750 ml at grain filling stage (83.0 cm and 25.1, respectively) and application of biovita granule at 7.5 kg within 10 days after transplanting + first spray of biovita liquid at 500 ml at tillering (30 DAP) + second spray of biovita liquid at 750 ml at panicle initiation (60 DAP) + third spray of biovita liquid at 750 ml at grain filling stage (81.7 cm and 23.8, respectively). Whereas, application of only recommended dose of fertilizer recorded significantly shorter plants (67.9 cm) and less number of productive tillers per hill (19.8) compared to other treatments.
| Treatments | Root length (cm) at 30 DAP | Plant height (cm) at harvest | Number of productive tillers/hill at harvest | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 | 2014 | Pooled | 2013 | 2014 | Pooled | 2013 | 2014 | Pooled | |
| T1: Biovita granule (7.5 kg/ha) followed by 2 sprays of biovita liquid (500 & 750 ml/ha) | 13.7 | 14.0 | 13.9 | 70.1 | 72.6 | 71.4 | 20.0 | 21.1 | 20.6 |
| T2: Biovita granule (7.5 kg/ha) followed by 3 sprays of biovita liquid (500, 750 &750 ml/ha) | 14.2 | 14.8 | 14.5 | 81.2 | 82.1 | 81.7 | 23.0 | 24.6 | 23.8 |
| T3: Biovita granule (10.0 kg/ha) followed by 2 sprays of biovita liquid (500 & 750 ml/ha) | 13.8 | 14.2 | 14.0 | 73.5 | 75.2 | 74.4 | 21.0 | 22.3 | 21.7 |
| T4: Biovita granule (10.0 kg/ha) followed by 3 sprays of biovita liquid (500, 750 &750 ml/ha) | 15.0 | 15.3 | 15.2 | 82.5 | 83.5 | 83.0 | 25.0 | 25.2 | 25.1 |
| T5: Biovita granule (12.5 kg/ha) followed by 2 sprays of biovita liquid (500 & 750 ml/ha) | 14.1 | 14.5 | 14.3 | 76.8 | 78.5 | 77.7 | 22.0 | 23.1 | 22.6 |
| T6: Biovita granule (12.5 kg/ha) followed by 3 sprays of biovita liquid (500, 750 & 750 ml/ha) | 15.2 | 15.6 | 15.4 | 85.2 | 85.8 | 85.5 | 26.0 | 28.5 | 27.3 |
| T7: Control | 13.5 | 13.8 | 13.7 | 65.2 | 70.5 | 67.9 | 19.0 | 20.5 | 19.8 |
| SEm ± | 0.53 | 0.43 | 0.41 | 3.14 | 3.36 | 3.60 | 1.24 | 1.77 | 1.41 |
| C.D. at 5% | 1.60 | 1.30 | 1.24 | 9.42 | 10.1 | 10.8 | 3.73 | 5.32 | 4.23 |
Table 1: Growth parameters of rice as influenced by different rate of biovita application.
Yield and yield parameters of riceThe pooled data on grain and straw yield of rice as influenced by different rate of biovita application is presented in Table 2 & 3. The panicle length was not significantly influenced by different rate of biovita application. However, Significantly higher grain yield (6491 kg/ ha) and straw yield (7787 kg/ha) were recorded in the treatment applied with biovita granule at 12.5 kg within 10 days after transplanting + first spray of biovita liquid at 500 ml at tillering (30 DAP) + second spray of biovita liquid at 750 ml at panicle initiation (60 DAP) + third spray of biovita liquid at 750 ml at grain filling stage (75 DAP) and which was onpar with the application of biovita granule at 10.0 kg within 10 days after transplanting + first spray of biovita liquid at 500 ml at tillering (30 DAP) + second spray of biovita liquid at 750 ml at panicle initiation (60 DAP) + third spray of biovita at 750 ml at grain filling stage (6339 kg/ha and 7586 kg/ha, respectively) and application of biovita granule at 7.5 kg within 10 days after transplanting + first spray of biovita liquid at 500 ml at tillering (30 DAP) + second spray of biovita liquid at 750 ml at panicle initiation (60 DAP) + third spray of biovita liquid at 750 ml at grain filling stage (5913 kg/ha and 7376 kg/ha, respectively). This could be due to the positive effect of all the yield components viz., panicle length, number of grains per panicle and test weight. Sandhya Rani (1998) also reported that application of higher dose of organic fertilizer gave higher yield and uptake of nutrients in radish. Similar observations were made by Praveen Kumar (2000) who opined that the increased fresh weight of carrot with increased dose of castor cake. This might be due to increased and readily available nutrients, which might have contributed to, increased growth and yield parameters, there by increased grain yield. Whereas, application of only recommended dose of fertilizer recorded significantly lower grain yield (5087 kg/ha) and straw yield (6050 kg/ha) compared to other treatments. The results corroborate with the findings of Mangal (1985) in onion.
Economics of riceThe pooled data on economics of rice as influenced by different rate of biovita application is presented in Table 4. Treatment with the application of biovita granule at 12.5 kg within 10 days after transplanting + first spray of biovita liquid at 500 ml at tillering (30 DAP) + second spray of biovita liquid at 750 ml at panicle initiation (60 DAP) + third spray of biovita liquid at 750 ml at grain filling stage (75 DAP) recorded significantly higher net returns (Rs 72962/ha) and B:C ratio (3.27) and which was onpar with the application of biovita granule at 10.0 kg within 10 days after transplanting + first spray of biovita liquid at 500 ml at tillering (30 DAP) + second spray of biovita liquid at 750 ml at panicle initiation (60 DAP) + third spray of biovita at 750 ml at grain filling stage (Rs 70643/ha and 3.21, respectively) and application of biovita granule at 7.5 kg within 10 days after transplanting + first spray of biovita liquid at 500 ml at tillering (30 DAP) + second spray of biovita liquid at 750 ml at panicle initiation (60 DAP) + third spray of biovita liquid at 750 ml at grain filling stage (Rs 96071/ha and 3.01, respectively). Whereas, application of only recommended dose of fertilizer recorded significantly lower net returns (Rs 51914/ha) and B:C ratio (2.71) compared to other treatments.
| Treatments | Panicle length (cm) | Number of filled grains per panicle | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 | 2014 | Pooled | 2013 | 2014 | Pooled | |
| T1: Biovita granule (7.5 kg/ha) followed by 2 sprays of biovita liquid (500 & 750 ml/ha) | 20.2 | 20.4 | 20.3 | 249 | 256 | 253 |
| T2: Biovita granule (7.5 kg/ha) followed by 3 sprays of biovita liquid (500, 750 &750 ml/ha) | 22.4 | 22.9 | 22.7 | 274 | 277 | 276 |
| T3: Biovita granule (10.0 kg/ha) followed by 2 sprays of biovita liquid (500 & 750 ml/ha) | 21.5 | 21.0 | 21.8 | 257 | 265 | 261 |
| T4: Biovita granule (10.0 kg/ha) followed by 3 sprays of biovita liquid (500, 750 &750 ml/ha) | 23.2 | 23.8 | 23.5 | 276 | 279 | 278 |
| T5: Biovita granule (12.5 kg/ha) followed by 2 sprays of biovita liquid (500 & 750 ml/ha) | 22.2 | 22.5 | 22.4 | 268 | 272 | 270 |
| T6: Biovita granule (12.5 kg/ha) followed by 3 sprays of biovita liquid (500, 750 & 750 ml/ha) | 24.1 | 24.6 | 24.4 | 279 | 281 | 280 |
| T7: Control | 19.6 | 19.8 | 19.7 | 235 | 241 | 238 |
| SEm ± | 3.12 | 3.33 | 3.54 | 8.08 | 5.06 | 6.16 |
| C.D. at 5% | NS | NS | NS | 24.2 | 15.2 | 18.5 |
Table 2: Yield parameters of rice as influenced by different rate of biovita application.
| Treatments | Grain yield (kg/ha) | Straw yield (kg/ha) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 | 2014 | Pooled | 2013 | 2014 | Pooled | |
| T1: Biovita granule (7.5 kg/ha) followed by 2 sprays of biovita liquid (500 & 750 ml/ha) | 5555 | 5623 | 5589 | 6440 | 6625 | 6533 |
| T2: Biovita granule (7.5 kg/ha) followed by 3 sprays of biovita liquid (500, 750 &750 ml/ha) | 5863 | 5962 | 5913 | 7300 | 7452 | 7376 |
| T3: Biovita granule (10.0 kg/ha) followed by 2 sprays of biovita liquid (500 & 750 ml/ha) | 5682 | 5714 | 5698 | 6873 | 7012 | 6943 |
| T4: Biovita granule (10.0 kg/ha) followed by 3 sprays of biovita liquid (500, 750 &750 ml/ha) | 6266 | 6412 | 6339 | 7547 | 7625 | 7586 |
| T5: Biovita granule (12.5 kg/ha) followed by 2 sprays of biovita liquid (500 & 750 ml/ha) | 5794 | 5842 | 5818 | 7074 | 7254 | 7164 |
| T6: Biovita granule (12.5 kg/ha) followed by 3 sprays of biovita liquid (500, 750 & 750 ml/ha) | 6456 | 6526 | 6491 | 7717 | 7856 | 7787 |
| T7: Control | 5049 | 5124 | 5087 | 5988 | 6112 | 6050 |
| SEm ± | 210.1 | 250 | 264 | 262.7 | 278 | 280 |
| C.D. at 5% | 630.0 | 752 | 792 | 787.6 | 835 | 842 |
Table 3: Grain and straw yield of rice as influenced by different rate of biovita application.
| Treatments | Cost of cultivation (Rs/ha) | Cost of cultivation (Rs/ha) | Net returns (Rs/ha) | B:C ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1: Biovita granule (7.5 kg/ha) followed by 2 sprays of biovita liquid (500 & 750 ml/ha) | 31509 | 90368 | 58859 | 2.87 |
| T2: Biovita granule (7.5 kg/ha) followed by 3 sprays of biovita liquid (500, 750 &750 ml/ha) | 31866 | 96071 | 64205 | 3.01 |
| T3: Biovita granule (10.0 kg/ha) followed by 2 sprays of biovita liquid (500 & 750 ml/ha) | 31671 | 92413 | 60742 | 2.92 |
| T4: Biovita granule (10.0 kg/ha) followed by 3 sprays of biovita liquid (500, 750 &750 ml/ha) | 32028 | 102671 | 70643 | 3.21 |
| T5: Biovita granule (12.5 kg/ha) followed by 2 sprays of biovita liquid (500 & 750 ml/ha) | 31833 | 94434 | 62601 | 2.97 |
| T6: Biovita granule (12.5 kg/ha) followed by 3 sprays of biovita liquid (500, 750 & 750 ml/ha) | 32190 | 105152 | 72962 | 3.27 |
| T7: Control | 30441 | 82355 | 51914 | 2.71 |
| SEm ± | - | - | 4041 | 0.10 |
| C.D. at 5% | - | - | 12125 | 0.32 |
Table 4: Economics of rice as influenced by different rate of biovita application (Pooled data).
| Materials | Urea | DAP | MOP | Biovita granule | Biovita liquid | Grain | Straw |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prices (Rs/kg) | 5 | 20 | 15 | 64 | 475 | 15 | 1.0 |
The experimental results are concluded that, application of recommended dose of fertilizer + biovita granule at 12.5 kg within 10 days after transplanting + first spray of biovita liquid at 500 ml at tillering (30 DAP) + second spray of biovita liquid at 750 ml at panicle initiation (60 DAP) + third spray of biovita liquid at 750 ml at grain filling stage (75 DAP) observed higher net returns and cost benefit ratio. So, further concluded that, application of 12.5 kg biovita granule within 10 days after transplanting + first spray of biovita liquid at 500 ml at tillering (30 DAP) + second spray of biovita liquid at 750 ml at panicle initiation (60 DAP) + third spray of biovita liquid at 750 ml at grain filling stage (75 DAP) along with 100 per cent recommended dose of fertilizer per hectare recorded significantly higher grain and straw yield.
1. ANONYMOUS, 2014, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice_production_in_India
2. GAUR AC., et al . “Organic manures”. Indian Council of Agricultural Research (1984).
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