Bhoj R Singh¹*, Dharmendra K Sinha¹, Mahtab Z Siddiqui², Arnab Roy Chowdhury³, Ravichnadran Karthikeyan¹, BS Pruthvishree¹, Akanksha Yadav¹, Varsha Jayakumar¹ and Himani Agri¹

¹Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, India
²Ex-Principal Scientist, ICAR-National Institute of Secondary Agriculture (formerly ICAR-Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums) Namkum, Ranchi, India
³Senior Scientist, Downstream Agro-Processing Division, ICAR-National Institute of Secondary Agriculture (formerly ICAR-Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums) Namkum, Ranchi, India

*Corresponding Author: Bhoj R Singh, Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, India.

Received: April 24, 2023; Published: May 10, 2023

Abstract

Metallic silver, its compounds and nano-particles (SNPs) are known for their wide-spectrum antimicrobial potential. However, little is understood about the best material for the green synthesis of SNPs. This study was conducted to find out the best of the three natural gums viz., piyar or chironji, (Buchanania lanzan) gum, gum acacia (Acacia nilotica) and jhingan (Lannea coromandelica) gum used for green synthesis of SNPs and to evaluate the effect aspirin, flunixin meglumine and pacetamol on in vitro antimicrobial activity of SNPs. The study was conducted on 376 Gram-negative (G-ve), 184 Gram-positive (G+ve) bacteria and 7 yeasts and moulds, belonging to 41 genera. The test strains were from clinical cases (392), environmental sources (120) and, reference culture (55) repositories. The MIC of silver-nano-particles for 567 clinical isolates of bacteria and yeast and moulds was 1.6 ± 2.03, 2.13 ± 2.57, 1.46 ± 1.87, and 1.35 ± 1.85 μg of silver mL-1 in MHB when the source of silver in the medium was PGNP, AGNP, JGNP and silver nitrate, respectively. Strains of different origins had a wide difference in MIC of silver, 10 of the 12 strains having MIC of silver >4 μg mL-1 were detected from herbivores and one each was from a dog and a fish. Of the three SNPs, SNPs synthesized using gum acacia (AGNP) had the least antimicrobial activity (p < 0.01) while SNPs synthesized using jhingan gum (JGNPs) were the most effective among all the three SNPs. Significantly (p ≤ 0.05) larger number of G-ve bacteria were resistant to SNPs than G+ve bacteria if at 0.25 or 0.5 μg mL-1 but no such difference was evident 1 or 2 μg mL-1 concentration of silver. Among strains of 17 different genera compared, R. terrigena isolates were significantly (p < 0.05) more often resistant than isolates of most of the other bacteria (Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Alcaligenes, Bacillus, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Paenibacillus, Pasteurella, Salmonella, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus) at both of the silver MIC levels i.e., at 0.25 μg mL-1 and 1.0 μg mL-1. All isolates of Alcaligenes spp. were susceptible to silver at 1.0 μg mL-1. The MIC of flunixin meglumine for the test organisms was higher (5.58 ± 4.32 mg mL-1) than the MIC of aspirin (2.75 ± 2.40 mg mL-1) and paracetamol (≤5.12 mg mL-1). Aspirin and flunixin meglumine in the test medium significantly (p < 0.05) reduced and paracetamol increased the MIC of AGNPs. The JGNPs had the best antimicrobial activity thus jhingan gum may be better option of green synthesis of SNPs. Two NASIDs, aspirin and flunixin meglumine, decreased while paracetamol increased the MIC of SNPs and finding may be useful in formulating creams/ ointments of SNPs for topical application.

Keywords: Silver Nano-particles (SNPs); Aspirin; Flunixin; Paracetamol; Buchanania lanzan; Acacia nilotica; Lannea coromandelica

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Citation

Citation: Bhoj R Singh., et al. “Comparative Antimicrobial Potential of Green Synthesized Sliver-nano-particles Using Three Different Natural Gums on Potentially Pathogenic Microbes from Veterinary Clinical Cases and Associated Environment". Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences 5.5 (2023): 19-32.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2023 Bhoj R Singh., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.