Prateek², Gagan Chaudhary², Gangesh², Nishant², Bharti Chauhan¹* and Nakul Gupta³

¹Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, IIMT College of Pharmacy, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
²Student, IIMT College of Pharmacy, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
³Department of Pharmacology, IIMT College of Pharmacy, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

*Corresponding Author: Bharti Chauhan, Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, IIMT College of Pharmacy, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh,, India.

Received: May 12, 2025; Published: May 22, 2025

Abstract

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) represents a progressive and irreversible inflammatory lung disorder characterized by chronic airflow limitation, persistent respiratory symptoms, and significant extrapulmonary effects. This article presents a comprehensive exploration of COPD, focusing on its pathophysiology, epidemiology, etiological factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic protocols, staging, and current therapeutic strategies. The disease encompasses two primary phenotypes: chronic bronchitis and emphysema, both resulting in obstructed pulmonary airflow due to structural lung damage and inflammatory response to noxious particles or gases, predominantly tobacco smoke. The systemic impact of COPD extends beyond the lungs, often resulting in cardiovascular complications, skeletal muscle dysfunction, and metabolic syndromes. Emphasis is placed on the role of oxidative stress, protease-antiprotease imbalance, and chronic inflammatory mediators in the progression of the disease. The article further investigates advanced diagnostic tools, including spirometry, imaging modalities, and biomarker analysis. Current pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions are critically reviewed, highlighting bronchodilators, corticosteroids, pulmonary rehabilitation, and emerging therapies targeting specific molecular pathways. The potential of gene-based therapies, biologics, and stem cell approaches are also discussed in the context of future innovation. This work is intended to serve as a foundational reference for the development of novel diagnostic and treatment modalities and to aid in the formulation of patentable innovations targeting COPD management and control.

Keywords: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD); Spirometry

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Citation

Citation: Bharti Chauhan., et al. “A Review of Medicinal Plants Utilized for Treating Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)". Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences 9.5 (2025): 20-27.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2025 Bharti Chauhan., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.