Shivanshu Dubey¹, Tarun Raj Sahu¹, Kundan Krishnan Pal¹, Neha Sahu¹, Rishu Kumar² and Gyanesh Kumar Sahu²*

¹Rungta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kohka, Bhilai, India
²Rungta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Kohka, Bhilai, India

*Corresponding Author: Gyanesh Kumar Sahu, Professor and Dean, Rungta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka, Kurud, Bhilai, India

Received: February 04, 2025; Published: February 18, 2025

Abstract

Mostly affecting women, melasma is a common acquired hyperpigmentation condition that is characterized by brown to grayish-brown spots on the face, especially where the skin has been exposed to the sun. Genetics, hormone changes (particularly during pregnancy or while using oral contraceptives), and environmental factors—UV radiation being the primary trigger—all play a role in its development. Although melasma is not dangerous, many people find it to be a major cosmetic problem, which has increased demand for efficient treatments. The goals of current melasma treatment strategies are to decrease pigment production, increase skin turnover, and stop more UV damage. To lighten the afflicted skin, topical medications such hydroquinone, tretinoin, azelaic acid, niacinamide, and vitamin C are frequently used, either alone or in combination. Prescription medications such as azelaic acid (20%), hydroquinone (4%), and Tri-Luma (a combination of hydroquinone, tretinoin, and fluocinolone acetonide) have demonstrated effectiveness; however, extended usage may result in ochronotic or skin irritation. Despite the advancements, melasma is still difficult to treat since it recurs frequently and doesn't respond to some treatments. To improve long-term results for those with this illness, a combination of early intervention, sunscreen use, customized treatment regimens, and new technology advancements in laser and topical therapies are essential.

Keywords: Hyperpigmentation; Melasma; Ochronotic; Topical Therapies

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Citation

Citation: Gyanesh Kumar Sahu., et al. “A Comprehensive Review of Topical and Systemic Therapies for Melasma Treatment". Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences 9.3 (2025): 29-35.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2025 Gyanesh Kumar Sahu., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.