Adinarayana Andy¹*, Narsimha R Keetha², Divya Andy³, Aman Suresh Tharayil⁴ and Rojin G Raj⁵

¹ Pharmacy Manager, Weatherwax Family Pharmacies Inc, Spring Arbor, Michigan, USA
² MD MHA, Ohio Kidney and Hypertension Center, Ohio, USA
³ Independent Research Consultant, Michigan, USA
⁴ Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Sandip Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharashtra, India
⁵ Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab, India

*Corresponding Author: Adinarayana Andy, Pharmacy Manager, Weatherwax Family Pharmacies Inc, Spring Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Received: December 02, 2024; Published: December 30, 2024

Abstract

The global health agenda has overlooked neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), leaving nearly two billion people affected by their collective burden, equivalent to that of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. NTDs are prevalent among impoverished populations with poor hygiene and close contact with infectious vectors, domestic animals, and livestock, making Africa particularly vulnerable. One NTD, human African trypanosomiasis, is transmitted by the tsetse fly and affects humans and domestic animals, causing econom ic losses and limiting agricultural production. The tsetse fly's development, mortality, and metabolic rate are sensitive to temperature changes, and the rising population levels in sub-Saharan Africa have increased human-fly contact, posing a greater risk of contracting the disease. While controlling the tsetse fly vector and using trypanocidal drugs are effective in treating trypanosomiasis, they can lead to environmental degradation and unsustainable land use. Clearing vegetation for agriculture can reduce wild host densities and vegetative cover. This review focuses on recent advances in addressing environmental factors that affect neglected tropical diseases, including African trypanosomiasis.

Keywords: African Trypanosomiasis; Environmental Factors; Climate; Neglected Tropical Diseases; Sleeping Sickness

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Citation

Citation: JI Ugochukwu., et al. “Influence of Environmental Factor on Neglected Tropical Disease: African Trypanosomiasis". Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences 9.1 (2025): 150-158.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2025 JI Ugochukwu., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.