Pranavi Bandari¹*, P Shruthi Reddy¹, R Pranay Reddy¹, G Pranitha Rachel¹ and Neha Singh²

¹Department of Pharmacy Practice, Chilkur Balaji College of Pharmacy, JNTUH, Hyderabad, India
²Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, USA

*Corresponding Author: Pranavi Bandari, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Chilkur Balaji College of Pharmacy, JNTUH, Hyderabad, India.

Received: February 23, 2024; Published: March 10, 2024

Abstract

A total of 120 prescriptions were enrolled in the present study that met the inclusion criteria. 96% were males and 04% were females. 33% of the patients were in the age group of 61-70 with a mean average of 24 ± 15.5. Of which 75% were found to be from rural areas and 25% from urban areas. The most common cause of COPD is smoking out of which 86% were males and 60% were female smokers among the studied population. The most common comorbidities with AECOPD which are seen in the study are pure COPD (56%), HTN (24%), DM (7%), and HTN +DM (13%). Maximum patients with a history of COPD from 1-2 years were found to be 50%. Based on mMRC grading, a maximum of 52% patients were found to be on grade 3. 78% of patients were found to be with a maximum percentage on an NLR range of 1-10. The data in the present study is assessed by using chi-square to determine the relationship between the variable NLR and both genders, results were found to be significant at p < 0.05, out of which males were shown to have a higher prevalence of NLR value when compared to females. Our study found that patients with acute exacerbated COPD had elevated NLR levels. Our results suggest that worsened COPD patients have a low-grade persistent systemic inflammation that can be utilized to determine inflammation.

Keywords: COPD; NLR; AECOPD; Inflammation; Biomarker

References

1. Devereux GS. “ABC OF COPD CHAPTER 1 Definition, Epidemiology and Risk Factors”.
2. Khachi H., et al. “COPD: clinical features and diagnosis”. The Pharmaceutical Journal.
3. Kingsley C. “History Of COPD”. LUNG INSTITUTE (2023).
4. “Introduction and Definition of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease COPD”. A COPD Primer (2015): 1-13.
5. Crumrin K. “Types of COPD”. Mycopdteam.com. MyCOPDTeam; (2018).
6. Khanse DS. “4 COPD Stages: Grading Criteria, Severity, Prognosis &amp; Life Expectancy”. Healthvigil (2016).
7. Seter D. “An Overview of the Three Types of Emphysema and What Causes Them”. blog.lptmedical.com.
8. “What Are the Four Stages of COPD and the Gold System for Grading?”. TutorialsPoint. Kingsley C. The 4 COPD GOLD Stages Explained. Lung Institute (2023).
9. Powrie DJ. “The BODE index: a new grading system in COPD”. Thorax5 (2004): 427-427.
10. WHO EMRO | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | Health topics. World Health Organization - Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean.
11. COPD Flare-ups and Exacerbations: Causes and Treatment. patient.info.
12. East Kent Prescribing Group Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Exacerbation (2023).
13. Stevermer JJ., et al. “Pharmacologic Management of COPD Exacerbations: A Clinical Practice Guideline from the AAFP”. American Family Physician1 (2021).
14. World Health Organization. “Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)”. World Health Organization: WHO (2022).
15. Langefeld K. “Digital GOLD Report”. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease - GOLD.
16. Manoochehr Abadian Sharifabad. COPD - Epidemiology | BMJ Best Practice (2018).
17. Ruvuna L and Sood A. “Epidemiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease”. Clinics in Chest Medicine3 (2020): 315-327.
18. Hossain MM. “Burden of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in India: Status, Practices and Prevention”. International Journal of Pulmonary and Respiratory Sciences5 (2018).
19. COPD - Symptoms | NHLBI, NIH.
20. “Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)”. Rimikri Med (2017).
21. Agarwal AK., et al. “Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease”. PubMed. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing (2022).
22. Kim EK. Pathophysiology of COPD.
23. MacNee W. “Pathology, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology”. BMJ 7551 (2021): 1202-1204.
24. Risk Factors for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | Winchester Hospital. Winchesterhospital.org (2018).
25. Halpin DM., et al. “Impact and prevention of severe exacerbations of COPD: a review of the evidence”. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 5 (2017): 2891-908.
26. Ko FW., et al. “Acute exacerbation of COPD”. Respirology7 (2016): 1152-1165.
27. Ghoshal AG., et al. “Treatment of acute exacerbation of COPD”. Supplement To Japi 60 (2012): 38-43.
28. Crisafulli E., et al. “Management of severe acute exacerbations of COPD: an updated narrative review”. Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine1 (2018): 1-5.
29. Mulhall P and Criner G. “Non‐pharmacological treatments for COPD”. Respirology5 (2016): 791-809.
30. Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR): Free upgrade to your WBC.” EMCrit Project (2019).
31. Teng F., et al. “Predictive value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”.

Citation

Citation: Pranavi Bandari., et al. “To Predict the Clinical Significance of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease".Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences 8.4 (2024): 57-63.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2024 Pranavi Bandari., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.