Mohamed Raslan², Eslam MS², Sara AR² and Nagwa A Sabri¹*

¹Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
²Drug Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt

*Corresponding Author: Nagwa A Sabri, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy- Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Received: December 06, 2021; Published: January 10, 2022

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus Disease-2019 is a novel coronavirus strain that is producing an infection that is quickly spreading over the world. Several waves of the disease occurred and different variants were discovered.

Aim: To investigate the potential threat of emerging COVID-19 new delta variants, and their effect on vaccination efficacy, hospitalization rates, and mortality rates.

Discussion: Studies indicated covid-19 patients infected with the delta strain were more likely to be hospitalized or seek emergency treatment than those infected with the alpha type. According to the findings, outbreaks of the delta variation among unvaccinated populations may exert a greater pressure on health-care systems than epidemics of the alpha type. Furthermore, it was estimate that the hazard of death related to B.1.1.7 variant infection is 6% greater than with pre-existing variants. Besides, the B.1.1.7 type is not only more contagious than pre-existing covid-19 strains, but it may also cause more severe illness. More research findings indicated that the chances of vaccine infection breakthrough were much higher in delta variant infections compared to alpha strain cases, suggesting that mRNA vaccines were less effective in preventing infection with the delta type.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that the delta variation (B.1.617.2) impairs the efficacy of critical therapeutic monoclonal antibodies for COVID-19, raises the absolute risk of death, particularly in the elderly, reduces immunization efficacy, and increases the likelihood of hospitalization.

Keywords: COVID-19; Delta Variant; Alpha Variant; B.1.617.2; Bnt162b2 Vaccine; Chadox1 Ncov-19 Vaccine

References

1. Nagwa Ali Sabri., et al. “Depressive Disorders and Incidence of COVID-19: Is There a Correlation and Management Interference?” Psychological Disorders and Research2 (2019): 2-7.
2. “There have been 7m-13m excess deaths worldwide during the pandemic”. The Economist (2021).
3. Noh J and Danuser G. “Estimation of the fraction of COVID-19 infected people in US states and countries worldwide”. PLoS ONE 16 (2021): e0246772.
4. Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants (2021).
5. Planas D., et al. “Reduced sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 variant Delta to antibody neutralization”. Nature7871 (2021): 276-280.
6. Sabri NA., et al. “Association of COVID-19 with genotyping ApoEe4 and APOBEC3B”. Allied Journal of Medical Research1 (2020): 55-56.
7. Rachel Schraer. “Covid: Why has the Delta variant spread so quickly in UK?” BBC News (2021).
8. Plante JA., et al. “The variant gambit: COVID-19’s next move”. Cell Host and Microbe 29 (2021): 508-515.
9. McCallum M., et al. “N-terminal domain antigenic mapping reveals a site of vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2”. Cell 184 (2021): 2332-2347.
10. Starr TN., et al. “Complete map of SARS-CoV-2 RBD mutations that escape the monoclonal antibody LY-CoV555 and its cocktail with LY-CoV016”. Cell Reports Medicine 2 (2021): 100255 (2021).
11. Barnes CO., et al. “SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody structures inform therapeutic strategies”. Nature 588 (2020): 682-687.
12. Connor TR., et al. “CLIMB (the Cloud Infrastructure for Microbial Bioinformatics): an online resource for the medical microbiology community”. Microbial Genome (2016): 2e000086.
13. , et al. “Hospital admission and emergency care attendance risk for SARS-CoV-2 delta (B.1.617.2) compared with alpha (B.1.1.7) variants of concern: a cohort study”. The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2021).
14. Davies NG and Jarvis CI. “CMMID COVID-19 Working Group. et al. Increased mortality in community-tested cases of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7”. Nature 593 (2021): 270-274.
15. Katharina Buchholz. COVID-19 Vaccines “Pfizer Losing Efficacy Faster Against Delta Variant”. Statista (2021).
16. Weinreich DM., et al. “REGN-COV2, a Neutralizing Antibody Cocktail, in Outpatients with Covid-19”. The New England Journal of Medicine 384 (2021): 238-251.
17. Petra Mlcochova., et al. “SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 Delta variant emergence, replication and sensitivity to neutralising antibodies”. bioRxiv (2021): 443253.
18. Nagwa A Sabri., et al. “Impact of Applied Protective Measures of COVID-19 on Public Health". Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences7 (2021): 63-72.
19. Public Health England. “SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investigation in England” (2021).
20. Lopez Bernal J., et al. “Effectiveness of Covid-19 Vaccines against the B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant”. The New England Journal of Medicine7 (2021): 585-594.
21. Barros-Martins J., et al. “Immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants after heterologous and homologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/BNT162b2 vaccination”. Nat Med9 (2021): 1525-1529.
22. Arora P., et al. “Increased lung cell entry of B.1.617.2 and evasion of antibodies induced by infection and BNT162b2 vaccination”. bioRxiv (2021).
23. Behrens Georg MN., et al. “SARS-CoV-2 delta variant neutralisation after heterologous ChAdOx1-S/BNT162b2 vaccination”. The Lancet10305 (2021): 1041-1042.
24. Shastri Jayanthi., et al. “Severe SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Reinfection with Delta Variant After Recovery from Breakthrough Infection by Alpha Variant in a Fully Vaccinated Health Worker”. Frontiers in Medicine 8 (2021): 1379.
25. Mlcochova P., et al. “SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 Delta variant emergence and vaccine breakthrough”. bioRxiv Preprint (2021).
26. National Institute of Health (INSA) “Genetic diversity of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in Portugal”. Lisbon (2021).
27. Borges V., et al. “Tracking SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 dissemination: insights from nationwide spike gene target failure (SGTF) and spike gene late detection (SGTL) data, Portugal, week 49 2020 to week 3 2021”. Eurosurveillance 26 (2021): 1-6.
28. Irina Kislaya., et al. “Delta variant and mRNA Covid-19 vaccines effectiveness: higher odds of vaccine infection breakthroughs”. MedRxiv (2021).
29. Tregoning JS., et al. “Progress of the COVID-19 vaccine effort: viruses, vaccines and variants versus efficacy, effectiveness and escape”. Nature Reviews Immunology (2021).
30. Arjun Puranik., et al. “Comparison of two highly-effective mRNA vaccines for COVID-19 during periods of Alpha and Delta variant prevalence”. Medrxiv (2021).

Citation

Citation: Nagwa A Sabri., et al. “Effect of Covid-19 Vaccines Against Delta Variant. A Review Article". Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences 6.2 (2022): 02-07.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Nagwa A Sabri., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.