Bahman Zohuri^1-4*

¹Golden Gate University, Ageno School of Business, San Francisco, California, USA
²Galaxy Advanced Engineering, A Consulting Firm, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
³Adjunct Professor, Business Analytics School, USA
⁴Galaxy Advanced Engineering, Albuquerque, New Mexico, CEO, USA

*Corresponding Author: Adjunct Professor, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, USA.

Received: August 18, 2021; Published: September 14, 2021

Abstract

  Radiation hardening, also known as “rad hardening,” and radiation survivability testing are of critical importance to defense, aerospace, and energy industries. Everyone knows that excessive exposure to radiation can cause severe damage to living things, but high radiation levels can also cause radiation damage to other objects, especially electronics. Ionizing radiation in particular, including directly ionizing radiation such as alpha and beta particles and indirectly ionizing radiation such as gamma rays and neutron radiation, is profoundly damaging to the semiconductors which make up the backbone of all modern electronics. Just one charged particle can interfere with thousands of electrons, causing signal noise, disrupting digital circuits, and even causing permanent physical radiation damage. Radiation hardening involves designing radiation-tolerant electronics and components that are tolerant of the massive levels of ionizing radiation, such as cosmic outer space radiation, X-ray radiation in medical or security environments, and high energy radiation within nuclear power plants. In order to test these components and determine whether they are sufficiently hardened, radiation-hardened electronics manufacturers perform rigorous testing as part of their product manufacturing processes. Components which pass these tests go into production and can be described as “radiation-hardened”; components that do not go back to design.

Keywords: Integrated Circuits; Digital Circuits; Radiation Shielding; Electromagnetic Pulse; Electromagnetic Interference, and Electromagnetic Compatibility; Nuclear Power Reactor; Radiation Environment

References

1. Higgins DF., et al. “System-generated EMP”. IEEE Trans. Electromagnetic Compatibility 20 (1978): 14-22.
2. Barbara NV., et al. “Ionizing-radiation-induced degradation in electronic power amplifiers”. Proceedings of the Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, Oct. 7-12, Seattle, WA (1990): 1667-1672.
3. Holmes-Siedle AG and L Adams. Handbook of Radiation Effects. Oxford University Press, England (2002).
4. https://www.thomasnet.com\Radiation Shielding Materials-A Guide.mht
5. https://www.frontier-cf252.com/neutron-shielding/
6. Paul Rochus Shielding Technician, prochus@marsmetal.com.
7. https://rlsdhamal.com/pressure-vessels-and-their-safety-aspect/

Citation

Citation: Bahman Zohuri. “Nuclear Power Reactors Driven Radiation Harden Environments". Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences 5.10 (2021): 40-49.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2021 Bahman Zohuri. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.