Manisha Parmar¹* and Priyanka Kamboj²

¹Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
²Department of Agriculture, Dev Samaj College for Women, Ferozepur City, Punjab, India

*Corresponding Author: Manisha Parmar, Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.

Received: July 24, 2021; Published: August 18, 2021

Abstract

Cement is among the essential components of concrete, which is a widely known construction material. Despite the reliability and durability of concrete, extant of cracks results in defected concrete and subsequently accelerate concrete deterioration. Taking into consideration the relatively expensive reconstruction and maintenance of structural concrete, Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation (MICCP) or Bio-cementation has been recommended as one of the solutions to develop eco- friendly structural materials. It is a naturally occurring phenomenon which appertains to the precipitation and deposition of calcium carbonate as a consequence of peculiar action of ureolytic bacteria. Bio-cementation by urea hydrolysis is amongst the most productive ways to implement the method and is induced by a chain of reactions driven by urease. Apart from repairing cracks and concrete, bio-cementation has numerous applications, for instance consolidation of sand and filling of pores between the soil particles. This review focuses on general mechanism of urease enzyme and microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation.

Keywords: Biocementation; Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation; Calcium Carbonate; Ureolysis; Urease Enzyme

References

1. Bhutange SP., et al. “Role of biocementation to improve mechanical properties of mortar”. Nucleic acid and Molecular Biology 44:50 (2019): 1-8.
2. Phutela U and Parmar M. “Isolation of ureolytic bacteria from different sources and their characterization”. Asian journal of bio science 12:1 (2017): 21-25.
3. Jroundi F., et al. “Protection and consolidation of stone heritage by self-inoculation with indigenous carbonatogenic bacterial communities”. Nature Communications 8: 279 (2017): 1-13.
4. Gavimath C., et al. “Potential application of bacteria to improve the strength of cement concrete”. International Journal of Advance Biotech and Research 31 (2012): 541-544.
5. Sassoni E., et al. “The use of hydroxyapatite as a new inorganic consolidant for damaged carbonate stones”. Journal of Cultural Heritage 12 (2011): 346-355.
6. Giorgi R., et al. “New methodologies for the conservation of cultural heritage: Micellar solutions, microemulsions, and hydroxide nanoparticles”. Accounts of Chemical Research 15.43 (2010): 695-704.
7. Rodriguez-Navarro C., et al. “Influence of substrate mineralogy on bacterial mineralization of calcium carbonate: implications for stone conservation”. Applied and Environmental Microbiology11 (2012): 4017-4029.
8. Hamilton WA. “Microbially influenced corrosion as a model system for the study of metal microbe interactions: a unifying electron transfer hypothesis”. Biofouling 1 (2003): 65-76.
9. Muynck W., et al. “Bacterial carbonate precipitation as an alternative surface treatment for concrete. Construction and Building Materials” Construction and Building Materials 22:8 (2008): 875-885.
10. Bazylinski DA., et al. “Modes of biomineralization of magnetite by microbes”. Geomicrobiology Journal 24 (2007): 465-475.
11. Benzerara K., et al. “Significance, mechanisms and environmental implications of microbial biomineralization.” Comptes Rendus Geoscience 343: 2-3 (2011): 160-167.
12. Phillips AJ., et al. “Engineered applications of ureolytic biomineralization: a review”. Biofouling 29: 6 (2013): 715-733.
13. DeJong JT., et al. “Bio-mediated soil improvement”. Ecological Engineering 36 (2010): 197-210.
14. Hammes F and Verstraete W. “Key roles of pH and calcium metabolism in microbial carbonate precipitation”. Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology 1 (2002): 3-7.
15. Knorre H and Krumbein KE. “Bacterial calcification”. Microbial Sediments, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
16. Tiano P., et al. “Biomediated reinforcement of weathered calcareous stones”. Journal of Cultural Heritage1 (2006): 49-55.
17. Rodriguez-Navarro C., et al. “Consearvation of ornamental stones by Myxococcus Xanthus induced carbonate biomineralisation”. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 4 (2003): 2182-2193.
18. De Muynck W., et al. “Microbial carbonate precipitation in construction materials: A review”. Ecological Engineering 2 (2009): 118-136.
19. Roman SM., et al. “Biomineralization of carbonate and phosphate by moderately halophilic bacteria”. FEMS Microbiology Ecology2 (2007): 273-284.
20. Ercole C, et al. “Bacterially induced mineralization of calcium carbonate: the role of exopolysaccharides and capsular polysaccharides”. Microscopy Microanalysis 1 (2007): 42-50.
21. Khanafari A., et al. “An investigation of biocement production from hard water”. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research6 (2011): 964-971.
22. Khattra SK., et al. “Study of Strength Variation of Concrete Using Ureolytic Bacteria”. International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences4 (2016): 2394-3661.
23. Boquet E., et al. “Production of calcite (calcium carbonate) crystals by soil bacteria is a general phenomenon”. Nature 246: 5434 (1973): 527-529.
24. Ramachandran SK., et al. “Remediation of concrete using Micro- Organisms”. American Concrete Institute Materials Journal 98: 1 (2001): 3-9.
25. Arunachalam KD., et al. “Studies on the characterization of Bio sealant properties of Bacillus sphaericus”. International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology3 (2010): 270-277.
26. Siddique R and Chahal NK. “Effect of ureolytic bacteria on concrete properties”. Construction and Building Materials 25:10 (2011): 3791-3801.

Citation

Citation: Manisha Parmar and Priyanka Kamboj. “Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation: A Sustainable Approach to Reinforce Cement Concrete". Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences 5.9 (2020): 66-69.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2021 Manisha Parmar and Priyanka Kamboj. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.