Hematological and Biochemical and Reflections in Some Selected Districts of Tamil Nadu that are Endemic for Fluorosis
V Amalan Stanley1*, Murugan S2, Ajeeth Kumar K3 and Rajni A2
1Scientific and Academic Advisor, International Institute of Biotechnology and Toxicology (IIBAT), Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu, India
2Department of Eco Toxicology, International Institute of Biotechnology and Toxicology (IIBAT), Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu, India
3Department of Genetic Toxicology, International Institute of Biotechnology and Toxicology (IIBAT), Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu, India
*Corresponding Author: V Amalan Stanley, Scientific and Academic Advisor, International Institute of Biotechnology and Toxicology (IIBAT), Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu, India.
Received:
June 11, 2021; Published: June 30, 2021
Abstract
Endemic fluorosis has been a continuing public health concern in many countries worldwide. In spite of the ill effects of fluorosis especially among the growing children it has not been given much emphasis in reality and policy level efforts stop by merely providing alternative drinking water and that too not continued for long and without any concern on the quality of the water. In order to understand the current prevalence of endemic fluorosis in select districts of Tamil Nadu and to create awareness among the policy makers and also the victims a surveillance study was envisaged and executed. Based on the spot screening a heterogeneous group of children and adults from three districts of the Tamil Nadu state, vis-à-vis Dharmapuri, Karur and Dindigul, aged between 12 and 40 years were sampled for spot urine and blood samples. A total of 108 individuals were involved in the screening and study. The study shows that the presence of fluoride in the urine is higher among adults than the children, especially at higher concentrations of above 2 ppm. The range of plasma fluoride is less than 0.1 ppm to above 0.6 ppm. Adults have more plasma fluoride at the lowest concentration of less than 0.1 ppm, implying that remaining is being excreted. There is no correlation between the haemoglobin levels and the plasma and urinary fluoride levels. The levels of calcium among the tested subjects of both children and adult remain normal, implying that there is no calcium deficiency that could facilitate more fluoride binding in the mineralized tissues such as bones and teeth. With regard to the Alkaline phosphatase analysis the data explicitly show that there is higher levels of ALP among children. Correlation could not be made between the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, TSH levels and the incidence of fluorosis. It is concluded that hydrofluorosis as a public health concern is still persistent in these areas and therefore there is an urgent need to provide safe drinking water in those affected areas of endemic fluorosis.
Keywords: Endemic Fluorosis; Health Concern; Alkaline Phosphatase; Calcium
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