Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences (ASPS)(ISSN: 2581-5423)

Review Article Volume 5 Issue 6

Green Chemistry: A New Trend in the Chemical Synthesis to Prevent Our Earth

Shailee Tiwari* and Aakansha Brahmpurkar

Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Durgamata Institution of Pharmacy, Parbhani, MS, India

*Corresponding Author: Shailee Tiwari, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Durgamata Institution of Pharmacy, Parbhani, MS, India.

Received: March 18, 2021; Published: May 11, 2021

×

Abstract

Organic chemistry has played a vital role in the development of diverse molecules which are used in medicines, agrochemicals and polymers. These molecules are synthesized in industries who adopt a process of synthesis which is cost effective; no attention is paid towards release of harmful chemicals. But since last decades special emphasis has been made towards green synthesis which circumvents the above problem. It emphasis on the different tolls of green chemistry like phase transfer catalysis, biocatalysts, aqueous phase reactions, organic synthesis in solid state, microwave assisted synthesis, ultrasound assisted synthesis. It also provides a detailed literature review on green synthesis. The different tools of green chemistry used in synthesis of different molecules are discussed in detail.

Keywords: Green Chemistry; Biocatalysts; Phase Transfer Catalysis; Microwave Assisted

×

References

  1. Anastas P T and Warner JC. “Green Chemistry: Theory and Practise”. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2.1 (1998): 155.
  2. J Namieoenik and W Wardencki. “Solventless sample preparation techniques in environmental analysis”. Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (2000): 297.
  3. Sato K., et al. “A “Green” Route to Adipic Acid: Direct Oxidation of Cyclohexenes with 30 percent hydrogen peroxide”. Science 281 (1998): 1646.
  4. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Basics of Green Chemistry (2017).
  5. Ando T., et al. “Alumina-supported fluoride reagents for organic synthesis: optimisation of reagent preparation and elucidation of the active species”. Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 2 (1986): 1133.
  6. U Romano and F Garbassi. “The environmental issue. A challenge for new generation polyolefins”. Pure and Applied Chemistry 72 (2000): 1383.
  7. Nicolas N., et al. Actualite Chimique 11-12 (2012): 70.
  8. Stashenko EE., et al. “Solid-phase microextraction with on-fibre derivatisation applied to the analysis of volatile carbonyl compounds”. Journal of Chromatography A 886 (2000): 175.
  9. Acardi A., et al. “Gold catalysis in the reactions of 1,3-dicarbonyls with nucleophiles”. Green Chemistry 5 (2003): 64.
  10. Scott G. “‘Green’ polymers”. Polymer Degradation and Stability 68 (2000): 1.
  11. Tundo P., et al. “Process for the preparation of alkyl- and/or alkenylpolyglycol ethers with alkyl end-capping groups”. ACS Symp. Ser., (Green Chemical Synthesses and Processes) 87 (2000): 767.
  12. Anastas PT and Warner JC. “Green Chemistry, Theory and Practice”. Oxford University Press (1998).
  13. Dehmlov EV and Dehmlov SS. “Phase transfer catalyst”. 3rd ed., Verlag Chemie, Weinheim (1993).
  14. Starks CM., et al. “Phase transfer catalyst: Fundamentals, Application and Industrial Perspectives”. Chapman and Hall, New York 2.1 (1994): 155.
  15. Ahluwalia VK and Aggarwal R. “Org Synthesis: Special Techniques”. Narosa Publising House, New Delhi, (2001).
  16. Merz A. “Phase‐transfer‐catalyzed Alkylation of Alcohols by Dimethyl Sulfate in an Aqueous System”. Angewandte Chemie 12 (1973): 846.
  17. Bari SS., et al. “Reactions accelerated by microwave radiation in the undergraduate organic laboratory”. Journal of Chemical Education11 (1992): 938.
  18. Chen ST., et al. “Preparative scale organic synthesis using a kitchen microwave oven”. Journal of the Chemical Society (1990): 807.
  19. Gedye RN., et al. “The rapid synthesis of organic compounds in microwave ovens”. Canadian Journal of Chemistry 69 (1991): 700.
  20. Gruesbeck C and Rase HF. “Insolubilized Glucoamylase Enzyme System for Continuous Production of Dextrose”. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development 11 (1972): 74.
  21. Wetall HH., et al. “Scale-Up studies on immobilized, purified glucoamylase, covalently coupled to porous ceramic support”. Methods Enzymology 44 (1976): 776.
  22. Tosa T., et al. “Continuous production of L‐aspartic acid by immobilized aspartase”. Biotechnology Biology 15 (1973): 69.
  23. Ando T and Welton T. Chemical Review 9 (2000): 18.
  24. Starks CM., et al. “Phase transfer catalyst: fundamentals, applications, and Industrial perspectives”. Chapman and Hall, New York (1994).
  25. Alhuwalia VK and Aggarwal R. “Org synthesis: Special techniques”. Narosa Publishing House, New, Delhi (2001).
  26. Merz A. “Phase‐transfer‐catalyzed Alkylation of Alcohols by Dimethyl Sulfate in an Aqueous System”. Angewandte Chemie 12 (1973): 846.
  27. Bari SS., et al. “Reactions accelerated by microwave radiation in the undergraduate organic laboratory”. Journal of Chemical Education11 (1992): 938.
  28. Chen ST., et al. “Preparative scale organic synthesis using a kitchen microwave oven”. Journal of the Chemical Society (1990): 807.
  29. Gedye RN., et al. “The rapid synthesis of organic compounds in microwave ovens”. Canadian Journal of Chemistry 69 (1991): 700.
  30. Walton HM., et al. Biotechnology and Bioengineering (1973): 447.
  31. Weetall HH., et al. “Covelent attachment of proteins to inorganic supports directly by activation with cyanogen bromide”. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 17 (1975): 295.
  32. Tosa T., et al. “Continuous production of L‐aspartic acid by immobilized aspartase”. Biotechnology and Biology 15 (1973): 69.
  33. Yamamoto K., et al. “Continuous production of L-malic acid by immobilized Brevibacterium ammoniagenes cells”. European Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 3 (1976): 169.
  34. Becker W and Pteil E. “Nucleoside Phosphorothioates”. Journal of the American Chemical Society 88 (1985): 4299.
  35. Shapiro SK and Ehninger DJ. “Methods for the analysis and preparation of adenosylmethionine and adenosylhomocysteine”. Annals of Biochemistry 15 (1966): 323.
  36. Rao G., et al. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 715 (1982): 205.
  37. Brummer SB and Gancy AB. “In Water and Aqueous Solutions: Structure, Thermodynamics and Transport Processes”. Horne R.A., Ed., Wiely-Interscience (1970).
  38. Kavanau JK. “Water and Solute-Water Interactions”. Holden-Day, San Franciso (1964).
  39. Saksena AK., et al. “Aqueous Diels-Alder Reactions of Electron Deficient 2-Arylfurans: A Highly Stereoselective Route to 2,2,5-Trisubstituted Tetrahydrofurans towards a Novel Class of Orally Active Azole Antifungals”. Heterocycles 35 (1993): 129.
  40. Williams DR., et al. “Intramolecular diels-alder cycloadditions of bis-diene substrates”. Tetrahedron Letter 26 (1985): 1391.
  41. Bressner J., et al. “Synthèses à l'aide de sulfones (XXIV) Synthèse stéréosélective d'oléfines par hydrogénolyse des vinylsulfones”. Tetrahedron Letter 23 (1982): 3265.
  42. Kaulen J and Schafer HJ. “Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to Carboxylic Acids at the Nickel Hydroxide Electrode”. Synthesis (1979): 513.
  43. Shono T., et al. “Electrochemical oxidation of alcohols using iodonium ion as an electron carrier”. Tetrahedron Letter2 (1979): 165-168.
  44. Ruholi H and Schafer HJ. “Oxidative Cleavage of Vicinal Diols at the Nickel Hydroxide Electrode”. Synthesis 1 (1988): 54-56.
  45. Schmiht A. “On the action of bromine on room acid’. Liebigs Annalen 127 (1863): 319.
  46. Kaupp G and Matthies D. “Organic gas - solid reactions with stilbenes, chalcones, and enamides”. 120 (1987): 1897.
  47. Zhang P., et al. “Ru–Zn supported on hydroxyapatite as an effective catalyst for partial hydrogenation of benzene”. Green Chemistry 15 (2013): 152-159.
  48. Chen G., et al. “Palladium supported on an acidic metal–organic framework as an efficient catalyst in selective aerobic oxidation of alcohols”. Green Chemistry 15 (2013): 230-235.
  49. Malik P., et al. “Bismuth (III) Oxide Catalyzed Oxidation of Alcohols with tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide”. Synthesis (2010): 3736-3740.
  50. Mao Z., et al. “Water-Compatible Iminium Activation: Highly Enantioselective Organocatalytic Michael Addition of Malonates to α,β-Unsaturated Enones”. Journal of Organic Chemistry 75 (2010): 7428-7430.
  51. Jahani F., et al. “Pyridine 2,6-Dicarboxylic Acid as a Bifunctional Organocatalyst for Hydrophosphonylation of Aldehydes and Ketones in Water”. Synthesis (2010): 3315-3318.
  52. Nun P., et al. “Microwave-Assisted Neat Procedure for the Petasis Reaction”. Synthesis (2010): 2063-2068.
  53. Nikalje AP and Vyawahare D. “Facile green synthesis of 2, 4-substituted -2, 3- dihydro -1, 5 Benzothiazepine derivatives as novel anticonvulsant and central nervous system (CNS) depressant agents”. African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry 12 (2011): 422-428.
  54. Monguchi Y., et al. “Solvent-free Huisgen cyclization using heterogeneous copper catalysts supported on chelate resins”. Green Chemistry2 (2013): 490-495.
  55. Gallo GMR., et al. “Production and upgrading of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using heterogeneous catalysts and biomass-derived solvents”. Green Chemistry1 (2013): 85-90.
  56. Malhotra P., et al. “Microwave assisted synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of 3, 5-diaryl substituted –2¬pyrazolines”. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences2 (2010): 134-135.
  57. García-Álvarez R., et al. “Metal-catalyzed amide bond forming reactions in an environmentally friendly aqueous medium: nitrile hydrations and beyond”. Green Chemistry 15 (2013): 46-66.
  58. Truscello AM., et al. “One-pot synthesis of aryloxypropanediols from glycerol: towards valuable chemicals from renewable sources”. Green Chemistry3 (2013): 625-628.
  59. Jing C., et al. “CuSO4-catalyzed three-component reaction of α-diazo ester, water and isatin: an efficient approach to oxindole derivatives”. Green Chemistry3 (2013): 620-624.
  60. Nikalje AG., et al. “Green synthesis and pharmacological screening of novel 1,5-Benzothiazepines as CNS agents”. IJPPS 2 (2010): 27-29.
  61. Barata-Vallejo S and Postigo A. “ (Me3Si)3SiH-Mediated Intermolecular Radical Perfluoroalkylation Reactions of Olefins in Water”. Journal of Organic Chemistry 75 (2010): 6141-6148.
  62. Kim JG., et al. “Facile and Highly Efficient N-Formylation of Amines Using a Catalytic Amount of Iodine under Solvent-Free Conditions”. Synlett (2010): 2093-2096.
  63. Hirashima SI and Itoh A. “Synthesis of Benzoic Acids by Aerobic Photooxidation with Hydrobromic Acid”. Synthesis 11 (2006): 1757-1759.
  64. Kirihara M., et al. “Tantalum Carbide or Niobium Carbide Catalyzed Oxidation of Sulfides with Hydrogen Peroxide: Highly Efficient and Chemoselective Syntheses of Sulfoxides and Sulfones”. Synlett 10 (2010): 1557-1561.
  65. Santoro S., et al. “Oxidation of Alkynes in Aqueous Media Catalyzed by Diphenyl Diselenide”. Synlett 9 (2010): 1402-1406.
  66. Kima JG and Jang D O. “Indium-Catalyzed N-Formylation of Amines under Solvent-Free Conditions”. Synlett 8 (2010): 1231-1234.
  67. Tiwari S V., et al. “Facile Synthesis of Novel Coumarin Derivatives, Antimicrobial Analysis, Enzyme Assay, Docking Study, ADMET Prediction and Toxicity Study”. Molecules 7 (2017): 1172.
  68. Bhosle M R., et al. “DIPEAc promoted one-pot synthesis of dihydropyrido[2,3-d:6,5-d′]dipyrimidinetetraone and pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine derivatives as potent tyrosinase inhibitors and anticancer agents: in vitro screening, molecular docking and ADMET predictions”. New Journal of Chemistry 23 (2018): 18621-18632.
  69. Tiwari S V., et al. “Microwave-Assisted Facile Synthesis, Anticancer Evaluation and Docking Study of N- ( (5- (Substituted methylene amino)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)methyl)”. Benzamide Derivatives23 (2017): 995.
  70. Nikalje A P G., et al. “Imidazole-thiazole coupled derivatives as novel lanosterol 14-α demethylase inhibitors: ionic liquid mediated synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking study”. Molecules 2 (2018) : 592-606.
  71. Nikalje P G., et al. “Ultrasound Assisted-synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Piperazinylprop- 1-en-2-yloxy-2H-chromen-2-ones as Cytotoxic Agents”. Letters in Drug Design and Discovery10 (2017): 1192-1205.
  72. Tiwari S V., et al. “Ionic Liquid-Promoted Synthesis of Novel Chromone-Pyrimidine Coupled Derivatives, Antimicrobial Analysis, Enzyme Assay, Docking Study and Toxicity Study”. Molecules 2 (2018): 440.
  73. Bhosle MR., et al. “An efficient multicomponent synthesis and in vitro anticancer activity of dihydropyranochromene and chromenopyrimidine-2,5-diones”. Synthetic Communications16 (2018): 2046-2060.
  74. Tiwari SV., et al. “New 2-Oxoindolin Phosphonates as Novel Agents to Treat Cancer: A Green Synthesis and Molecular Modeling”. Molecules8 (2018): 1981.
  75. Nikalje A G., et al. “Ultrasound Promoted Green Synthesis, Docking Study of Indole Spliced Thiadiazole, α-amino Phosphonates as Anticancer Agents and Anti-tyrosinase Agents”. Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry9 (2018): 1267-1280.
  76. Nikalje A P G., et al. “Ultrasound-mediated synthesis, biological evaluation, docking and in vivo acute oral toxicity study of novel indolin-2-one coupled pyrimidine derivatives”. Research on Chemical Intermediates5 (2018): 3031-3059.
  77. Dofe VS., et al. “Ultrasound assisted synthesis of tetrazole based pyrazolines and isoxazolines as potent anticancer agents via inhibition of tubulin polymerization”. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 22 (2020): 127592.
  78. Tiwari SV., et al. “Ultrasound Mediated One-Pot, Three Component Synthesis, Docking and ADME Prediction of Novel 5-Amino-2- (4-chlorophenyl)-7-Substituted Phenyl-8,8a-dihydro-7H- (1,3,4)thiadiazolo (3,2-α)pyrimidine-6-carbonitrile Derivatives as Anticancer Agents”. Molecules8 (2016): 894.
×

Citation

Citation: Shailee Tiwari and Aakansha Brahmpurkar. “Green Chemistry: A New Trend in the Chemical Synthesis to Prevent Our Earth". Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences 5.6 (2020): 39-52.




Metrics

Acceptance rate32%
Acceptance to publication20-30 days

Indexed In




News and Events


  • Certification for Review
    Acta Scientific certifies the Editors/reviewers for their review done towards the assigned articles of the respective journals.
  • Submission Timeline for Upcoming Issue
    The last date for submission of articles for regular Issues is December 25, 2024.
  • Publication Certificate
    Authors will be issued a "Publication Certificate" as a mark of appreciation for publishing their work.
  • Best Article of the Issue
    The Editors will elect one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of this article will be provided with a certificate of "Best Article of the Issue"

Contact US