An Impact Assessment of Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene at Ichchhakamana Rural Municipality, Chitwan, Nepal

Bhim Bahadur Muktan¹* and Arun Kumar²

¹Research Scholar, Singhania University, Rajasthan, India
²Assistant Professor, Singhania University, Rajasthan, India

*Corresponding Author: Bhim Bahadur Muktan, Research Scholar, Singhania University, Rajasthan, India.

Received: September 21, 2025; Published: November 26, 2025

Abstract

Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) is the part of every human being and it impacts in multi dimensions. Mixed approach employed both quantitative and qualitative study tools. WASH has impacted multi dimensions; improved WASH Situation (98.7%), increased access to water supply (96.5%), reduced in waterborne diseases (97%), enhanced knowledge of sanitation practices (98.7%), ownership built to take responsibility for the maintenance of services (97%), strengthened roles for women in leadership and management (85.3%), increased water availability also improved menstrual hygiene management (MHM), reduced uterus-related diseases, and enhanced the privacy and dignity of women, girls, and individuals with disabilities, ensured equitable access, reducing burdens on women and girls and promoting socially inclusive development. To ensure the long-term sustainability of these outcomes, the study recommends establishing self-sustaining operation and maintenance funds, integrating climate-resilient strategies, and implementing targeted campaigns.

Keywords: WASH; Improved; Increased; Accessed and Facilities

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Citation

Citation: Bhim Bahadur Muktan and Arun Kumar. “An Impact Assessment of Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene at Ichchhakamana Rural Municipality, Chitwan, Nepal".Acta Scientific Paediatrics 8.12 (2025): 38-43.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2025 Bhim Bahadur Muktan and Arun Kumar. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.