Diana Alba¹*, Mafalda Moreira¹, Catarina Liz², Cláudia Monteiro¹ and Edite Tomas¹

¹Pediatrics Department, Centro Hospitalar do Tâmega e Sousa, Portugal
²Pediatrics Department, Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Portugal

*Corresponding Author: Diana Alba, Pediatrics Department, Centro Hospitalar do Tâmega e Sousa, Portugal.

Received: November 08, 2022; Published: January 21, 2023

Abstract

Macroscopic hematuria is a common cause of referral to the Pediatric Emergency Department and can be due to a variety of etiologies, which can be identified through detailed clinical history and physical examination. Nonetheless, rare causes may go unnoticed with the most used diagnostic exams. Nutcracker syndrome describes left renal vein compression between the superior mesenteric artery and the abdominal aorta or between the abdominal aorta and vertebral column. The majority of the patients are asymptomatic, and when symptomatic, clinical manifestations include variable combinations of hematuria, proteinuria, left flank or abdominal pain. Diagnosis is usually made after the exclusion of other causes responsible for the symptoms, and it is confirmed on imaging results. Treatment remains controversial, with pediatric patients being typically managed conservatively due to spontaneous resolution in most cases. With these two cases, the authors aim to bring awareness to this entity so it can be easily identified and avoid unnecessary diagnostic workup.

Keywords: Hematuria; Nutcracker; Nephrology; Proteinuria; Kidney

References

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Citation

Citation: Diana Alba., et al. “Macroscopic Hematuria in Adolescents - Two Cases of Nutcracker Syndrome". Acta Scientific Paediatrics 6.2 (2023): 29-31.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2023 Diana Alba., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.