Mousumi Hazorika¹*, Abhijit Deka¹, Pallabi Devi¹, Mridusmrita Buragohain², Utpal Barman¹ and Dhrubajyoti Borpujari³

¹Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Sciences, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
²Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
³Department of Animal Reproduction, Ganaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Sciences, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India

*Corresponding Author: Mousumi Hazorika, Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Sciences, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India.

Received: November 28, 2022; Published: December 23, 2022

Abstract

Neonatal jaundice is a condition that occurs within the first week of life as a result of excessive accumulation of a bile pigment called bilirubin in the body. It occurs as a usual process in 65-70% of the new-born. However, it may occur due to lack of breastmilk feeding, extreme dehydration or due to some genetic disorders, metabolism disorders, gland malfunction or liver diseases. Sometimes neonatal jaundice can cause complications and even lead to death, if not treated at time. It is important to determine whether the infant’s jaundice is physiological or pathological and then treated accordingly. So, the study aims to review the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of neonatal jaundice addressing complexities that have arisen with new technologies. It also discusses the medical and nursing management guidelines regarding the prevention and care of the neonates and their families with jaundice.

Keywords: Neonatal Jaundice; Bilirubin; Phytotherapy; Exchange Transfusion; Immunoglobulins

References

1. Gomez M., et al. “A graphical decision-theoretic model for neonatal jaundice”. Medical Decision Making, 27. 3 (2007): 250-265.
2. Asefa GG., et al. “Determinants of Neonatal Jaundice among Neonates Admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Public General Hospitals of Central Zone, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, 2019: A Case Control Study”. BioMed Research International, (2020): 1-88.
3. Rakhecha G., et al. “Breastmilk jaundice: a nurse perspective”. International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics11 (2022): 1127-1131.
4. Taylor RB. “Breastfeeding Overview”. WebMD. (2022).
5. Abedi P., et al. “Breast feeding, or nipple stimulation for reducing postpartum haemorrhage in the third stage of labour”. Cochrane Database Systemic Review 1 (2016).
6. Ullah S., et al. “Hyperbilirubinemia in Neonates: Types, Causes, Clinical Examinations, Preventive Measures and Treatments: A Narrative Review Article”. Iranian Journal of Public Health5 (2016): 558-568.
7. Vi tek L and Ostrow JD. “Bilirubin chemistry and metabolism; harmful and protective aspects”. Current Pharmaceutical Design 25 (2009): 2869-2883.
8. Hsia D. “Bilirubin metabolism”. Pediatric Clinics of North America 12 (1965): 713-722.
9. Abel Joseph and Hrishikesh Samant. “Jaundice”. Last Update (2022).
10. Satyanarayana U and Chakrapani U. “Biochemistry”. (2022). 6^th Edition, Elsevier.
11. Kramer LI. “Advancement of dermal icterus in jaundiced newborn”. Australian Journal of Dementia Care 118 (1969): 454- 458.
12. Cashore WJ. “Bilirubin and jaundice in the micropremie”. Clinics in Perinatology 27 (2000): 171-179.
13. Johnson L and Bhutani VK. “Guidelines for management of the jaundiced term and near-term infant”. Clinics in Perinatology 25 (1998): 555-574.
14. Yamanouchi I., et al. “Transcutaneous Bilirubinometry: preliminary studies of noninvasive transcutaneous bilirubin meter in the Okayama National Hospital”. Pediatrics 65 (1980): 195-202.
15. Maisels MJ., et al. “Evaluation of a new transcutaneous bilirubinometer”. Pediatrics 113 (2004): 1628-1635.
16. Gohmann K., et al. “Bilirubin measurement for neonates: Comparison of 9 frequently used methods”. Pediatrics4 (2006): 1174-1183.
17. Puppalwar PV., et al. “Review on -Evolution of Methods of Bilirubin Estimation”. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences3 (2012): 17-18.
18. Krishnasamy M and Bakri DR. “Non-invasive, hand held transcutaneous bilirubinometer”. Medical Development Division, Ministry of Health, Malaysia. (2009)
19. Robertson A., et al. “Improved transcutaneous bilirubinometry: comparison of SpectRx Bilicheck and Minolta jaundice meter JM-102 for estimating total serum in a normal newborn population”. Journal of Perinatology 1 (2002): 12-21.
20. Royal Prince Alfred Hospital. “Haemolytic jaundice, Rhesus isoimmunization”. RPA Newborn care guidelines: Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Australia (2003).
21. Bosschaart N., et al. “Limitations and opportunities of transcutaneous bilirubin measurement”. Pediatrics 129 (2012): 689-697.
22. Jama A., et al. “Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life and its associated factors among children age 6-24 months in Burao district, Somaliland”. International Breastfeeding Journal1 (2020): 5.
23. Subcommittee on Hyperbilirubinemia. “Management of Hyperbilirubinemia in the New-born Infant 35 or More Weeks of Gestation”. Pediatrics1 (2004): 297-316.
24. Bhutani V and Committee on Fetus and Newborn. “Phototherapy to prevent severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infant 35 or more weeks of gestation”. Pediatrics4 (2011): 1046-1052.
25. Bhutani V., et al. “Management of jaundice and prevention of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in infants > 35 weeks gestation”. Neonatology 94 (2008): 64-67.
26. DeLuca D. “NICE guidelines on neonatal jaundice: At risk of being too nice”. The Lancet 376 (2010): 771.
27. Schwartz H., et al. “Hyperbilirubinemia: Current guidelines and emerging therapies”. Pediatric Emergency Care9 (2011) 884-889.
28. Stevenson D and Wong R. “Metalloporphyrins in the management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia”. Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine3 (2011): 164-168.
29. Dijk P and Hulzebos C. “An evidence-based review on hyperbilirubinaemia”. Acta Paediatrica 464 (2012): 3-10.
30. Porter ML and Dennis BL. “Hyperbilirubinemia in the term newborn”. American Family Physician 4 (2002): 599- 606.
31. Muchowski KE. “Evaluation and treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia”. American Family Physician11 (2014): 873-878.
32. Watson R. “Hyperbilirubinemia”. Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America 21 (2009): 97-120.
33. Maisels M. “Neonatal jaundice”. Pediatrics in Review12 (2006): 443-453.
34. Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Protocol Committee. “ABM clinical protocol, 22: “Guidelines for management of jaundice in the breastfeeding infant equal to or greater than 35 weeks gestation”. Breastfeeding Medicine2 (2010): 87-93.
35. National Collaborating Centre for Women and Children’s Health. “Neonatal Jaundice”. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), Clinical Guideline 98 (2010).
36. “Exchange Transfusion - an overview”. ScienceDirect Topics (2022).
37. Bujandric N and Grujic J. “Exchange Transfusion for Severe Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia: 17 Years’ Experience from Vojvodina, Serbia”. Indian Journal of Hematology and Blood Transfusion 2 (2016): 208-214.
38. Slusher T., et al. “A global need for affordable neonatal jaundice technologies”. Seminars in Perinatology 35 (2011): 185-191.
39. Chen H., et al. “Exchange transfusion using peripheral vessels is safe and effective in newborn infants”. Pediatrics 122 .4 (2008): 905-910.
40. Behjati SS., et al. “Adverse events associated with neonatal exchange transfusion for hyperbilirubinemia”. Indian Journal of Pediatrics 76 (2009): 83-85.
41. Steiner L., et al. “A decline in the frequency of neonatal exchage transfusions and its effect on exchange-related morbidity and mortality”. Pediatrics 1 (2007): 27-32.
42. Salas A and Mazzi E. “Exchange transfusion in infants with extreme hyperbilirubinemia: An experience from a developing country”. Acta Paediatrica 97 (2008): 754-758.
43. Bratlid D., et al. “National guidelines for treatment of jaundice in the newborn”. Acta Paediatrica 100 (2011): 499-505.
44. Dennery P. (2005). “Metalloporphyrins for the treatment of neonatal jaundice”. Current Opinions in Pediatrics 17 (2005): 167-169.
45. Schulz S., et al. “Metalloporphyrins-An update”. Frontiers in Pharmacology68 (2012): 68.
46. Sroufe NS and Vredeveld JL. “Management of Indirect Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia”. Clinical Pediatrics12 (2020): 1144-1149.

Citation

Citation: Mousumi Hazorika., et al. “Neonanatal Jaundice: A Mini-Review". Acta Scientific Paediatrics 6.1 (2023): 06-11.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2023 Mousumi Hazorika., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.