Lee KJ*, Theenesh B and Ibrahim MI

Foot and Ankle Unit, Orthopaedic Department, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun Ipoh, Malaysia

*Corresponding Author: Lee KJ, Foot and Ankle Unit, Orthopaedic Department, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun Ipoh, Malaysia.

Received: August 30, 2024; Published: September 20, 2024

Abstract

Background: Haglund’s deformity is a significant cause of Haglund’s syndrome. Many radiological parameters have been used to define its presence. Commonly used parameters include the Fowler-Philip angle, calcaneal pitch angle, parallel pitch lines and the X/Y ratio. This paper seeks to apply these radiological parameters to a Malaysian cohort of patients to assess its reliability.

Methods: This is a single centre study with 21 symptomatic and 21 asymptomatic patients. Weight bearing lateral x rays were obtained and measurement of radiological parameters were performed independently by 2 Foot and Ankle surgeons. The parameters measured were the Fowler-Philip angle, calcaneal pitch angle, parallel pitch lines and the X/Y ratio.

Results: All the measured radiological parameters did not show high specificity and sensitivity. There were no statistically significant differences for measurements between the symptomatic and asymptomatic group. Both the groups had positive radiological parameters that suggested Haglund’s deformity.

Discussion: Each radiological parameter had an inherent weakness that could not be addressed. The Fowler-Philip angle does not take into account calcaneal verticality or length, the calcaneal pitch does not take into account the calcaneal morphology, parallel pitch lines do not consider the location of the superior projection and the X/Y ratio does not take into account the verticality of the calcaneum.

Conclusion: There is no gold standard radiological parameter for assessment of symptomatic Haglund’s deformity. The parameters tested showed poor sensitivity and specificity.

Keywords: Haglund’s; Fowler-Philip Angle; Parallel Pitch Lines; X/Y Ratio

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Citation

Citation: Lee KJ., et al. “Reliability of Radiological Parameters in Assessment of Haglund’s Syndrome in Malaysian Patients".Acta Scientific Orthopaedics 7.10 (2024): 08-12.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2024 Lee KJ, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.