Acta Scientific Orthopaedics (ISSN: 2581-8635)

Review Article Volume 6 Issue 7

An Update on Taurine: A Review Article

Shah Walliullah1*, Zeenat Ara1, Rajeshwar Nath Srivastava, Sandeep Pandey2, Ramesh Mani Tripathi2, Shatakshi Pant1, RK Garg3, Abbas Ali Mahdi2 and Devarshi Rastogi1

1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
2Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
3Department of Neurology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

*Corresponding Author: Shah Walliullah, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Received: April 24, 2023; Published: June 26, 2023

Abstract

Taurine chemically known as 2 aminoethanesulfonic acid; NH2CH2CH2SO3H it’s a non essential amino acid, due to absence of carboxyl group it does not participate in protein synthesis, it does not metabolized and thus not involved in gluconeogenesis, thereby not constituting a direct energy source, This wonderful molecule was discover in 1827 by two German scientist Tiedemann and Gmelin from bile of ox (Bos taurus), Ten years later, this amino acid got its name as Taurine by Demarcay, and 20 years later Jacobsen and Smith discovered that its structure contains sulfur. In a wide variety of invertebrate and vertebrate tissues the natural occurrence of taurine has been recognized, It is also present in plants algae and fungi. In this review we try to cover all possible beneficial role of taurine.

Keywords:Taurine; 2 Aminoethanesulfonic Acid; DED; Sulfur; Gluconeogenesis; Carboxyl Group; Hypotaurine

References

  1. Tiedemann F and Gmelin L. “Einige neue bestandtheile der galle des ochsen”. Annals of Physics 85 (1827): 326‑337.
  2. Srivastava RN., et al. “Taurine is a future biomolecule for potential health benefits: A review”. Journal of Metabolomics and Systems Biology1 (2022): 1-3.
  3. Sturman JA., et al. “Taurine in developing rat brain: Maternal-fetal transfer of [35S] taurine and its fate in the neonate”. Journal of Neurochemistry 28 (1977): 31-39.
  4. Desforges M., et al. “Taurine transport in human placental trophoblast is important for regulation of cell differentiation and survival”. Cell Death and Disease 4 (2013): e559.
  5. Berry TM and Moustafa AA. “Osteoporosis and the effect of dysregulation of the transsulfuration pathway via taurine on intracellular calcium homeostasis, vitamin D absorption and vitamin K absorption”. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN 43 (2021): 191-196.
  6. Higuchi M., et al. “Trypsin regulates meiotic initiation in the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) by promoting the uptake of taurine into germ cells during spermatogenesis”. Biology of reproduction3 (2013): 58-61.
  7. Kaya Bicer E., et al. “Does taurıne improve fracture healing? An experimental study”. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine 81 (2018): 91-98.
  8. Lewandowski JP., et al. “The Tug1 lncRNA locus is essential for male fertility”. Genome Biology 21 (2020): 237.v
  9. Ara Z., et al. “Effect of Various Treatment Modalities After Spinal Cord Injury”. Acta Scientific Orthopaedics (2022): 56-73.
  10. Minsu PA., et al. “Taurine activates BMP-2/Wnt3a-mediated osteoblast differentiation and mineralization via Akt and MAPK signaling”. Iranian Journal of Public Health 11 (2019): 1960.
  11. Bian Y., et al. “Taurine protects against knee osteoarthritis development in experimental rat models”. The Knee3 (2018): 374-80.
  12. Koide M., et al. “Inhibition of experimental bone resorption and osteoclast formation and survival by 2-aminoethanesulphonic acid”. Archives of Oral Biology9 (1999): 711-719.
  13. Klebanoff SJ. “Myeloperoxidase: friend and foe”. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 77 (2005): 598-625.
  14. Gaut JP., et al. “Neutrophils employ the myeloperoxidase system to generate antimicrobial brominating and chlorinating oxidants during sepsis”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 98 (2001): 11961-11966.
  15. Thomas EL., et al. “Oxidation of bromide by the human leukocyte enzymes myeloperoxidase and eosinophil peroxidase”. Journal of Biological Chemistry 270 (1995): 2906-2913.
  16. Henderson JP., et al. “Production of brominating intermediates by myeloperoxidase”. Journal of Biological Chemistry 11 (2001): 7867-7875.
  17. Rosen H., et al. “Methionine oxidation contributes to bacterial killing by myeloperoxidase system of neutrophils”. PNAS44 (2009): 18686-18691.
  18. Smith J. “Neutrophils, host defence, and inflammation: a double-edged sword”. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 56 (1994): 672-686.
  19. Kim C and Cha YN. “Taurine chloramine produced from taurine under inflammation provides anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects”. Amino Acids 1 (2014): 89-100.
  20. Jong CJ., et al. “Role of mitochondrial permeability transition in taurine deficiency-induced apoptosis”. Experimental and Clinical Cardiology 4 (2011): 125-128.
  21. Kim C., et al. “Taurine chloramine induces heme oxygenase-1 expression via Nrf2 activation in murine macrophages”. International Immunopharmacology 4 (2010): 440-446.
  22. Kim KS., et al. “Effect of taurine chloramine on the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in adiponectin- or IL-1beta-stimulated fibroblast-like synoviocytes”. Journal of Biomedical Science 1 (2010b): S27.
  23. Marcinkiewicz J. “Taurine bromamine: a new therapeutic option in inflammatory skin diseases”. Polish Archives of Internal Medicine 119 (2009): 673-675.
  24. Wagener FA., et al. “Different faces of the heme-heme oxygenase system in inflammation”. Pharmacological Reviews 55 (2003): 551-571.
  25. Ryter SW., et al. “Heme oxygenase carbon monoxide signaling pathways: regulation and functional significance”. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 234-235.1-2 (2002): 249-263.
  26. Ara Z., et al. “Role of Taurine and its Analogs Against Various Disorders and its Beneficial Effects: A Review Article”. Acta Scientific Medical Sciences (2022): 95-115.
  27. Rajeshwar Nath Srivastava., et al. “Epidemology and Pathophysiology of Spinal Cord Injury and Potential Health Benefits of Omega 3 Fatty Acid”. Acta Scientific Orthopaedics 1 (2023): 143-156.
  28. Gupta RC., et al. “Role of taurine in spinal cord injury”. Current Neurovascular Research 3 (2006): 225-235.
  29. Nakajima Y., et al. “Taurine reduces inflammatory responses after spinal cord injury”. Journal of Neurotrauma 27 (2010): 403-410.
  30. Abud GF., et al. “Taurine as a possible antiaging therapy: A controlled clinical trial on taurine antioxidant activity in women ages 55 to 70”. Nutrition 101 (2022): 111706.
  31. Iwegbulem O., et al. “The role of taurine derivatives in the putative therapy of COVID-19-induced inflammation”. Irish Journal of Medical Science 1 (2022): 485-486.v
  32. Kaya Bicer E., et al. “Does taurıne improve fracture healing? An experimental study”. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine 81 (2018): 91-98.
  33. Baliou S., et al. “Protective role of taurine against oxidative stress”. Molecular Medicine Reports 2 (2021): 1-9.
  34. Kulanthaivel P., et al. “Transport of taurine and its regulation by protein kinase C in the JAR human placental choriocarcinoma cell line”. Biochemical Journal 277 Pt 1 (1991): 53-58.
  35. Tochitani S. “Taurine: A Maternally Derived Nutrient Linking Mother and Offspring”. Metabolites 3 (2022): 228.
  36. Sturman JA., et al. “Taurine in developing rat brain: Maternal-fetal transfer of [35S] taurine and its fate in the neonate”. Journal of Neurochemistry 28 (1977): 31-39.
  37. Ueki I and Stipanuk MH. “Enzymes of the taurine biosynthetic pathway are expressed in rat mammary gland”. The Journal of Nutrition 137 (2007): 1887-1894.
  38. Nishigawa T., et al. “Taurine and beta-alanine intraperitoneal injection in lactating mice modifies the growth and behavior of offspring”. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 495 (2018): 2024-2029.
  39. Neuringer M and Sturman J. “Visual acuity loss in rhesus monkey infants fed a taurine-free human infant formula”. Journal of Neuroscience Research 18 (1987): 597-601.
  40. Hayes KC., et al. “Growth depression in taurine-depleted infant monkeys”. The Journal of Nutrition 110 (1980): 2058-2206.
  41. Venkatachalam S., et al. “The potency of essential nutrient taurine on boosting the anti‑ oxidant status and chemopreventive effect against benzo (a) pyrene induced experimental lung cancer”. Biomedicine and Preventive Nutrition 4 (2014): 251‑255.
  42. Gordon RE., et al. “Taurine protects rat bronchioles from acute ozone exposure: A freeze fracture and electron microscopic study”. Experimental Lung Research 24 (1998): 659‑674.
  43. Jeon SH., et al. “The antioxidant, taurine reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced generation of ROS, and activation of MAPKs and Bax in cultured pneumo‑ cytes”. Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 22 (2009): 562‑566.
  44. Das J., et al. “Taurine protects rat testes against NaAsO (2)‑induced oxidative stress and apop‑ tosis via mitochondrial dependent and independent pathways”. Toxicology Letters 187 (2009): 201‑210.
  45. Gaitonde MK. “Sulfur amino acids”. InMetabolic Reactions in the Nervous System 225-287. Springer, Boston, MA (1970).
  46. Yoneda Y and Kuriyama K. “A comparison of micro distribution of taurine and cystein sulfinate decarboxylase activity with those of GABA and L- glutamate decarboxylase activity in rat spinal cord and thalamus”. Journal of Neurochemistry 30 (1978): 821-25.
  47. Baba S., et al. “Medical and Biology 97 (1978): 219-223.
  48. Palkovits M., et al. “Taurine levels in brain nucli of Young and aging”. rats Prog. Chemical Biology Research 351 (1901): 42-52.
  49. Lähdesmäki P., et al. “Effect of electrical stimulation and chlorpromazine on the uptake and release of taurine, γ‐aminobutyric acid and glutamic acid in mouse brain synaptosomes”. Journal of Neurochemistry5 (1975): 675-680.
  50. HOLMES RP., et al. “The taurine and hypotaurine content of human semen”. Journal of Andrology3 (1992): 289-292.
  51. Alahmar AT. “The effects of oral antioxidants on the semen of men with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia”. Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine 2 (2018): 57-66.
  52. Tsounapi P., et al. “Antioxidant treatment with edaravone or taurine ameliorates diabetes-induced testicular dysfunction in the rat”. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry1 (2012): 195-204.
  53. Mottaghi S., et al. “The effect Of Taurine Supplementation on Delirium Post Liver Transplantation: A Randomized Controlled Trial”. Clinical Nutrition (2022).
  54. Li L., et al. “Taurine promotes estrogen synthesis by regulating microRNA-7a2 in mice ovarian granulosa cells”. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications (2022).

Citation

Citation: Shah Walliullah., et al. “An Update on Taurine: A Review Article”.Acta Scientific Orthopaedics 6.7 (2023): 69-78.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2023 Shah Walliullah., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.




Metrics

Acceptance rate33%
Acceptance to publication20-30 days

Indexed In



News and Events


  • Certification for Review
    Acta Scientific certifies the Editors/reviewers for their review done towards the assigned articles of the respective journals.
  • Submission Timeline for Upcoming Issue
    The last date for submission of articles for regular Issues is December 25, 2024.
  • Publication Certificate
    Authors will be issued a "Publication Certificate" as a mark of appreciation for publishing their work.
  • Best Article of the Issue
    The Editors will elect one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of this article will be provided with a certificate of "Best Article of the Issue"

Contact US