Patterns and ENT Manifestations of Cleft Lip and Palate in Sudanese Children in Khartoum State

Ammar Omer Osman¹*, Hashim Ibrahim Yagi¹ and Osama Mohamed Khalid²

¹Professor of ORL H and N surgery University of Khartoum, London ²Fellowship of the Arab Board of Medical Specialization of Otolaryngology Head and Neck surgery, Associate Professor Faculty of Medicine University of Khartoum

*Corresponding Author: Ammar Omer Osman, Professor of ORL H and N surgery University of Khartoum, London.

Received: December 16, 2024; Published: January 26, 2025

Abstract

Background: Craniofacial anomalies, and in particular cleft lip and palate, are major human birth defects with a worldwide frequency. Based on World Health Organization report, about 3 million fetuses and infants are born each year with major malformations. Several large population based studies place the incidence of major malformations at about 2-3% of all live births [1]. Early detection and proper management of these conditions will improve the outcome.

Objectives: To study patterns and Clinical Presentations of Cleft Lip and cleft Palate in Sudanese children in Khartoum state.

Patients and Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional; hospital-based study for patients who presented with Cleft lip And Palate in Khartoum ENT hospital and Maxillofacial Department at Dentistry Hospital Khartoum during the period from December 2017 to September 2018.Thedata was collected through Well-structured questionnaire and analysed using SPSS program version 22.

Results: Seventy-one patients were included in this study. Patients age ranged from 2 months to 15 years, (mean age 66 month ± STD 59 months). The most affected age group was group (0 - 5 years) Male to female ratio 1.15:1.00. Most of the patients came from Rural communities (59.2%). The commonest deformity encountered was cleft palate deformity with (47.9%) followed by Cleft lip deformity (29.6%), Cleft lip and palate deformity (19.7%) and submucous cleft palate deformity (2.8%). The commonest presentation was feeding difficulties (73.2%) followed by speech disorders (47.9%), decreased hearing (8.5%) and recurrent attacks of otitis media (7%). The presentation of Feeding difficulty was the most common associated symptom with the cleft Palate and cleft lip deformity, it was distributed among patients as follow: Cleft lip only 71.4%, Cleft palate only 70.5%, Cleft lip and palate 92.8 %. The Hearing losspresented in all patients with submucous cleft variety (100%).

Conclusion: Cleft lip and cleft palate are relatively rare conditions among population. Cleft palate is the commonest deformity among Sudanese children with male dominance and it is more common in rural communities. Feeding difficulty is the commonest presentation among affected patients.

Recommendations: Raise the awareness of the community about antenatal care among pregnant women to take supplements which guard against foetal deformities. Provide good centres for management and rehabilitation of such patients.

Keywords: ENT Manifestations; Cleft Lip; Sudanese; Children

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Citation

Citation: Ammar Omer Osman., et al. “Patterns and ENT Manifestations of Cleft Lip and Palate in Sudanese Children in Khartoum State".Acta Scientific Otolaryngology 7.2 (2025): 27-31.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2025 Ammar Omer Osman., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.