Tabreez¹*, Minutha R² and Geetha N³

¹Post Graduate Resident, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, India
²Assosciate Professor, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, India
³Assistant Professor, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, India

*Corresponding Author: Tabreez, Post Graduate Resident, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Received: May 17, 2022; Published: June 16, 2022

Abstract

Background: A granuloma is a focal, compact collection of inflammatory cells, predominantly mononuclear cells¹. Any process in the body that results in granuloma formation are termed as granulomatous [2]. Granulomas of the nose are chronic inflammatory lesions characterised by formation of granulomatous tissue by circumscribed infiltrations of chronic inflammatory cells. They may be infectious or non-infectious. Granulomas of the nose of infectious aetiology are common in the developing countries. Endoscopic, radiologic, histological and microbiological investigations are essential for their diagnosis and management [3].

Objectives of the Study: To identify the common clinical presentations of various granulomatous diseases of nose and also to correlate between clinical and histological findings of various granulomatous conditions of nose.

Materials and Methodology: A total of 38 patients presenting to ENT OPD in Vydehi hospital between the period of January 2020 to July 2021 were evaluated. Patients presenting with various nasal complaints are included. All patients are subjected to endoscopic examination and necessary blood investigations and radiological evaluation. All patients underwent surgical procedure for biopsy of the lesion under General Anaesthesia and are confirmed after histopathological examination. Cases are evaluated for various clinical presentations and each condition was correlated with its clinical and pathological findings.

Results: Out of 38 patients included in our study, majority of them belonged to the age group of 31 to 40 years (47.4%) with 18 patients are females (47.4%) and 20 patients are males (52.6%). Among all 38, 26 (68.4%) of them are diagnosed to have rhinoscleroma, 7 (18.4%) patients has rhinosporidiosis (), 3 (7.9%) patients has wegener’s granulomatosis and 2 (5.3%) patients has nasal tuberculosis. Rhinoscleroma being the commonest among all with 26 cases, 13 of them are from 31-40 years of age group with female predominance. Majority of the patients with Rhinoscleroma presented with nasal obstruction (76.9%). On examination crusting of the nose (65.4%), external nasal deformity (23.1%)with ulcers over the mucosa (46.2%)were noted. On histopathological examination, inflammatory reactions with plasma cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils, Mikulicz cells and Russel’s bodies were noted.

Conclusion: Granulomatous conditions of the nose occur due to various etiologies. We included 38 patients wherein majority of them were rhinoscleroma (26, 68.4%), followed by 7 cases of rhinosporidiosis (18.4%), 2 cases of nasal tuberculosis (5.3%) and 3 cases of wegener’s granulomatosis (7.9%). Biopsy and histopathological examination are necessary for confirmation of the disease. Appropriate treatment with regular follow ups are necessary to prevent the recurrence.

Keywords: Granuloma; Rhinoscleroma; Rhinosporidiosis; Wegener’s Granulomatosis; Mikulicz Cells; Russels Bodies

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Citation

Citation: Tabreez., et al. “A Clinicopathological Study of Granulomatous Diseases of Nose".Acta Scientific Otolaryngology 4.7 (2022): 49-58.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Tabreez., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.