Bilal F Shanti*, Ihsan F Shanti, Daniel Spillmann and Zaynab IF Shanti

Omina Pain Consultants, USA

*Corresponding Author: Bilal F Shanti, Omina Pain Consultants, USA.

Received: September 27, 2023; Published: November 23, 2023

Abstract

Whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) occur when there is shifting and movement of energy, during a crash or collision, from acceleration-deceleration mechanism transferred mainly to the neck region. WAD is characterized by excessive extension-flexion movements, and/or excessive side bending of the head and neck, beyond the normal and regular range of motion.

Motor vehicle collisions account for the majority of trauma related to WAD, but there are other causes such as contact sports injuries, falls, physical and domestic abuse, and other types of traumas.

Clinically, encountering cases of chronic neck pain stemming from untreated, poorly treated, or mis-managed whiplash injuries after motor vehicle collisions has become a more common and challenging encounter. The necessity to address acute whiplash injury pain-related symptoms very aggressively, early on, and in a systematic and interdisciplinary matter is essential to avoid unnecessary and avoidable long-term sequelae.

This manuscript seeks to explain the latest neurobiological theories, interplay, and interaction of a triad of neuron-glia-immune cells in the genesis of chronic pain that potentially can also apply for chronic whiplash pain. We will exclusively deal with the chronic pain aspects of WAD. The chronicity is associated with functionality limitations and restrictions, psychological and psychosocial ramifications, financial crisis, unemployment, and in cases, prolonged disability. This causes a significant economic burden on country.

 Keywords: Whiplash; Whiplash-Associated Disorder; Neck Pain; Chronic Neck Pain; Motor Vehicle Collision; Chronic Pain Syndrome; Chronic Pain; Neck Trauma; Triad of Chronic Pain

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Citation

Citation: Bilal F Shanti., et al. “How Acute Whiplash Injuries Become Chronic: The Neuro-Biological Triad of Neuronal-Glial-Immune Cells as Culprit”. Acta Scientific Neurology 6.12 (2023): 18-27.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2023 Bilal F Shanti., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.