Acta Scientific Medical Sciences (ASMS)(ISSN: 2582-0931)

Review Article Volume 10 Issue 3

Review on the Impact of Android Mobile Phone-Emitted Blue Light and Electromagnetic Radiation on Hormonal Homeostasis Category: Review Article

Durba Banerjee 1 * and Biplab De

1 Tripura State Pharmacy Council, Agartala, Tripura, India
2 Regional Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Abhoynagar, Agartala, Tripura, India

*Corresponding Author:Durba Banerjee, Govt Pharmacist, Tripura State Pharmacy Council, Agartala, Tripura, 799001, India.

Received: January 02, 2026; Published: February 20, 2026


Android mobile phone has become an essential part of the modern lifestyle due to communication, information access, online work, entertainment, navigation, shopping, and even learning etc. Electromagnetic radiation (EMR), especially blue light emitted from android mobiles, has become the main concern for eyesight and hormonal imbalance in particular. This review aims to explore the mechanisms through which mobile light, EMR, and digital overstimulation may contribute to hormonal imbalance especially sex hormone, stress hormone, sleep regulation and digestive dysfunction; and a discussion thereby for health care by maintaining balanced digital habits. Research could explore the underlying mechanisms and long-term health implications of such light-induced hormonal dysregulation.

Keywords: Android Mobile; Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR); Blue Light; Hormonal Imbalance; Digestive Dysfunction

References

  1. Heroux P., et al. “Cell phone radiation exposure limits and engineering solutions”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 7 (2023): 5398.
  2. Nehru V. “Global Wireless Spiderweb: The Invisible Threat Posed by Wireless Radiation”. Partridge Publishing; (2016).
  3. Aghaei M., et al. “A review on the impact of the electromagnetic radiation .EMR) on the human’s health”. InProceedings National graduate conference (NatGrad2012), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Putrajaya Campus (2012): 8-10.
  4. Kulkarni PP and Mahalle PN. “Electromagnetic Radiations: Exposure and Impact”. CRC Press (2025).
  5. Singh A., et al. “Mobile phone radiations as an alarming tool for human health”. Indian Journal of Natural Sciences5 (2020): 163-166.
  6. Mortaza SM., et al. “Is it blue light or increased electromagnetic fields which affects the circadian rhythm in people who use smartphones at night”. Iranian Journal of Public Health3 (2016): 405.
  7. Parasuraman S., et al. “Health hazards with electromagnetic radiation”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation4 (2018).
  8. Martirоsova VG., et al. “Blue light as an occupational health problem”. Ukrainian Journal of Occupational Health 15 (2019): 194-203.
  9. Havas M. “Health concerns associated with energy efficient lighting and their electromagnetic emissions”. Health (2005).
  10. Cheng F., et al. “Experimental research on the electromagnetic radiation (EMR) characteristics of cracked rock”. Environmental Science and Pollution Research7 (2018): 6596-608.
  11. Kong B., et al. “Electromagnetic radiation characteristics and mechanical properties of deformed and fractured sandstone after high temperature treatment”. Engineering Geology 209 (2016): 82-92.
  12. Hipolito V and Coelho JM. “Blue Light of the Digital Era: A Comparative Study of Devices”. InPhotonics 11.1 (2024): 93.
  13. Randjelovic P., et al. “The effect of reducing blue light from smartphone screen on subjective quality of sleep among students”. Chronobiology International3 (2023): 335-342.
  14. Nath A. “Comprehensive study on negative effects of mobile phone/smart phone on human health”. International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering1 (2018): 575-581.
  15. Zamanian A and Hardiman CJ. “Electromagnetic radiation and human health: A review of sources and effects”. High Frequency Electronics3 (2005): 16-26.
  16. Sharma AB and Lamba OS. “A review: source and effect of mobile communication radiation on human health”. Advances in Wireless and Mobile Communications3 (2017): 423-35.
  17. Sarwar M and Soomro TR. “Impact of smartphone’s on society”. European Journal of Scientific Research2 (2013): 216-26.
  18. Beale R. “Supporting social interaction with smart phones”. IEEE Pervasive Computing 2 (2005): 35-41.
  19. Medona RS., et al. “An interventional study on effects of mobile screen usage on digital eye strain and insomnia among prospective teachers”.
  20. Bagaji S and Rao R. “Digital fatigue in the age of screens: eye and postural strain among 18–35-year-old screen users”.
  21. Stringham JM., et al. “Macular carotenoid supplementation improves visual performance, sleep quality, and adverse physical symptoms in those with high screen time exposure”. Foods 7 (2017): 47.
  22. Akman M. “The Influence of Virtual Learning on the Rise in Screen Time Usage and Blue Light Exposure Ultimately Expanding Sleep Disturbances amongst Students”.
  23. Oduwole OO., et al. “The roles of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone in spermatogenesis and folliculogenesis revisited”. International Journal of Molecular Sciences23 (2021): 12735.
  24. Al-Suhaimi EA., et al. “Regulation of male and female reproductive functions”. InEmerging concepts in endocrine structure and functions (2022): 287-347.
  25. Mailankot M., et al. “Radio frequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) from GSM (0.9/1.8 GHz) mobile phones induces oxidative stress and reduces sperm motility in rats”. Clinics 64 (2009): 561-565.
  26. Chappel SC and Howles C. “Reevaluation of the roles of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in the ovulatory process”. Human Reproduction9 (1991): 1206-1212.
  27. Raju GA., et al. “Luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone synergy: A review of role in controlled ovarian hyper-stimulation”. Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences4 (2013): 227-234.
  28. Hemayatkhah Jahromi V., et al. “Study on the effects of mobile phones waves on the number of ovarian follicles and level of FSH, LH, estrogen and progesterone hormones in adult rats”. Journal of Cell and Tissue1 (2010): 27-34.
  29. Geronikolou SA., et al. “Frequent cellular phone use modifies hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis response to a cellular phone call after mental stress in healthy children and adolescents: A pilot study”. Science of the Total Environment 536 (2015): 182-188.
  30. Aguilera G. “Corticotropin releasing hormone, receptor regulation and the stress response”. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism8 (1998): 329-336.
  31. Itoi K., et al. “Regulatory mechanisms of corticotropin‐releasing hormone and vasopressin gene expression in the hypothalamus”. Journal of Neuroendocrinology4 (2004): 348-355.
  32. Yaochen L., et al. “Triggered by Design: How Algo rithmic Features of Social Media Disrupt Emotions and Academic Outcomes”.
  33. Kayabekir M. “Neurophysiology of basic molecules affecting sleep and wakefulness mechanisms, fundamentals of sleep pharmacology”. InSleep medicine and the evolution of contemporary sleep pharmacotherapy 2021 Sep 15. IntechOpen (2021).
  34. Ono D and Yamanaka A. “Hypothalamic regulation of the sleep/wake cycle”. Neuroscience Research 118 (2017): 74-81.
  35. Pandi-Perumal SR., et al. “Role of the melatonin system in the control of sleep: therapeutic implications”. CNS Drugs12 (2007): 995-1018.
  36. Hattar S., et al. “Melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells: architecture, projections, and intrinsic photosensitivity”. Science5557 (2002): 1065-1070.
  37. Provencio I and Warthen DM. “Melanopsin, the photopigment of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells”. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Membrane Transport and Signaling2 (2012): 228-237.
  38. Jiang N., et al. “Effect of monochromatic light on the temporal expression of N-acetyltransferase in chick pineal gland”. Chronobiology International8 (2020): 1140-1150.
  39. Macit HB., et al. “A research on social media addiction and dopamine driven feedback”. Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty3 (2018): 882-97.
  40. Sharma A., et al. “Oxidative damage in the liver and brain of the rats exposed to frequency-dependent radiofrequency electromagnetic exposure: biochemical and histopathological evidence”. Free Radical Research 5 (2021): 535-546.
  41. Santos J., et al. “Stress, microbiota, and the gut–brain axis in mental and digestive health”. Medicina Clínica (English Edition)6 (2025): 295-304.
  42. Gonzalez Delgado S., et al. “Interplay between serotonin, immune response, and intestinal dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease”. International Journal of Molecular Sciences24 (2022): 15632.
  43. Hanukoglu I. “Antioxidant protective mechanisms against reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by mitochondrial P450 systems in steroidogenic cells”. Drug Metabolism Reviews1-2 (2006): 171-196.
  44. Konturek PC., et al. “Stress and the gut: pathophysiology, clinical consequences, diagnostic approach and treatment options”. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology6 (2011): 591-599.

Citation

Citation: Durba Banerjee and Biplab De. “Review on the Impact of Android Mobile Phone-Emitted Blue Light and Electromagnetic Radiation on Hor- monal Homeostasis Category: Review Article". Acta Scientific Medical Sciences 10.3 (2026): 12-18.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2026 Durba Banerjee and Biplab De. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.




Metrics

Acceptance rate30%
Acceptance to publication20-30 days
Impact Factor1.403

Indexed In





Contact US